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Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases2021; 1; 100046; doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100046

Comparative studies on faecal egg counting techniques used for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites of equines: A systematic review.

Abstract: Faecal egg counting techniques (FECT) form the cornerstone for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites in equines. For this purpose, several flotation, centrifugation, image- and artificial intelligence-based techniques are used, with varying levels of performance. This review aimed to critically appraise the literature on the assessment and comparison of various coprological techniques and/or modifications of these techniques used for equines and to identify the knowledge gaps and future research directions. We searched three databases for published scientific studies on the assessment and comparison of FECT in equines and included 27 studies in the final synthesis. Overall, the performance parameters of McMaster (81.5%), Mini-FLOTAC® (33.3%) and simple flotation (25.5%) techniques were assessed in most of the studies, with 77.8% of them comparing the performance of at least two or three methods. The detection of strongyle, spp. and cestode eggs was assessed for various FECT in 70.4%, 18.5% and 18.5% studies, respectively. A sugar-based flotation solution with a specific gravity of ≥1.2 was found to be the optimal flotation solution for parasitic eggs in the majority of FECT. No uniform or standardised protocol was followed for the comparison of various FECT, and the tested sample size (i.e. equine population and faecal samples) also varied substantially across all studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to evaluate studies on the comparison of FECT in equines and it highlights important knowledge gaps in the evaluation and comparison of such techniques.
© 2021 The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2021-08-09 PubMed ID: 35284858PubMed Central: PMC8906068DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100046Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is a systematic review of techniques used for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in equines, notably horses, using faecal egg counting techniques (FECT). The authors examined the effectiveness of different methods, identified gaps in current research, and offered future research directions.

Research Overview

The research involved a systematic review of existing literature on different techniques used for counting faecal eggs – a method for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in equines.

  • The types of techniques evaluated include flotation, centrifugation, image-based, and artificial intelligence-based methodologies. Crucially, the effectiveness of each technique varied significantly.
  • The main goal was to critically assess these coprological (study of faeces) techniques, identify the various modifications, and compare these methods as applied in equine research.
  • A secondary objective was to highlight areas where further research is needed due to knowledge gaps in this field.

Methods and Execution

The authors investigated 27 studies published in three different databases, where FECT in equines was assessed and compared.

  • The studies mainly evaluated the McMaster (81.5%), Mini-FLOTAC® (33.3%), and simple flotation (25.5%) techniques, with a significant majority (77.8%) comparing the effectiveness of at least two or three methods.
  • These investigations were primarily aimed at detecting strongyle, spp., and cestode eggs using various FECT.
  • The researchers found that a sugar-based flotation solution with a specific gravity of ≥1.2 was the most effective flotation solution for exposing parasitic eggs across most of the FECT.

Key Findings and Conclusions

One of the key observations was that none of the studies followed a uniform or standardised protocol. Moreover, the size of the samples used (i.e., equine population and faecal samples) differed significantly across all studies.

  • This suggests that the lack of a standard method might be contributing to the variability in the effectiveness of the techniques studied.
  • The review concluded that there’s a need for more research and a standardized protocol to effectively compare and contrast the myriad of FECT in use.
  • This work represented the first systematic review that we know of specifically aimed at comparing FECT in equines and it shed light upon important knowledge gaps in the evaluation and comparison of these techniques.

Cite This Article

APA
Ghafar A, Abbas G, King J, Jacobson C, Hughes KJ, El-Hage C, Beasley A, Bauquier J, Wilkes EJA, Hurley J, Cudmore L, Carrigan P, Tennent-Brown B, Nielsen MK, Gauci CG, Beveridge I, Jabbar A. (2021). Comparative studies on faecal egg counting techniques used for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites of equines: A systematic review. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis, 1, 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100046

Publication

Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases
ISSN: 2667-114X
NlmUniqueID: 9918226380706676
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 1
Pages: 100046
PII: 100046

Researcher Affiliations

Ghafar, Abdul
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Abbas, Ghazanfar
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
King, Justine
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Jacobson, Caroline
  • Centre for Animal Production and Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Hughes, Kristopher J
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
El-Hage, Charles
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Beasley, Anne
  • School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
Bauquier, Jenni
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Wilkes, Edwina J A
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Hurley, John
  • Swettenham Stud, Nagambie, Victoria, Australia.
Cudmore, Lucy
  • Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia.
Carrigan, Peter
  • Scone Equine Hospital, Scone, New South Wales, Australia.
Tennent-Brown, Brett
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Nielsen, Martin K
  • M.H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Gauci, Charles G
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Beveridge, Ian
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
Jabbar, Abdul
  • Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors are members of the Australian Equine Parasitology Advisory Panel supported by AgriFutures Australia and Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Australia. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Given his role as a Co-Editor, Abdul Jabbar had no involvement in the peer-review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer-review. Full responsibility for the editorial process for this article was delegated to Luis Cardoso and Aneta Kostadinova.

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Citations

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