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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2020; 10(6); 980; doi: 10.3390/ani10060980

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Uncovers Novel Heterosis-Related Candidate Genes Associated with Muscular Endurance in Mules.

Abstract: Heterosis has been widely exploited in animal and plant breeding programs to enhance the productive traits of hybrid progeny from two breeds or species. However, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain enigmatic. Transcriptome profiling analysis can be used as a method for exploring the mechanism of heterosis. Here, we performed genome-wide gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) analyses in different tissues (muscle, brain, and skin) from crosses between donkeys and horses. Our results indicated that 86.1% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 87.2% of the differential alternative splicing (DAS) genes showed over-dominance and dominance in muscle. Further analysis showed that the "muscle contraction" pathway was significantly enriched for both the DEGs and DAS genes in mule muscle tissue. Taken together, these DEGs and DAS genes could provide an index for future studies of the genetic and molecular mechanism of heterosis in the hybrids of donkey and horse.
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Publication Date: 2020-06-04 PubMed ID: 32512843PubMed Central: PMC7341310DOI: 10.3390/ani10060980Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigated the genetic differences in mules, which are hybrids of donkeys and horses, to help understand a phenomenon called heterosis, where hybrid species exhibit superior traits. Analyses of the genomes of various tissues in these animals revealed specific genes potentially linked to outstanding muscular endurance in mules.

Understanding Heterosis and Its Importance

  • Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is a biological phenomenon where the hybrid offspring of two different breeds or species exhibit superior traits in terms of size, fertility, survival, growth rate and overall health.
  • This principle is widely applied in the field of plant and animal breeding programs to enhance the productive qualities of the hybrid offspring.
  • The genetic mechanisms involved in heterosis remain largely enigmatic and understanding these mechanisms could provide valuable information for breeding programs as well as the study of evolution and genetics.

Approach of the Study

  • The researchers performed genome-wide gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) analyses on different tissues – muscle, brain, and skin, derived from the breeding of horses and donkeys. Alternative splicing is a process that leads to a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
  • The aim was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential alternative splicing (DAS) genes that might hold the key to the heterosis manifested in mules.

Main Findings of the Study

  • The analysis uncovered that a majority of the DEGs and DAS genes showed over-dominance and dominance in muscle tissue; 86.1% of differentially expressed genes and 87.2% of differential alternative splicing genes.
  • Furthermore, they discovered that the pathway related to “muscle contraction” was significantly enriched for both the DEGs and DAS genes in mule muscle tissue—this might explain the superior muscular endurance often observed in mules.
  • In simpler terms, the hybrid mules inherit certain genes from their parents which are either over-dominant or dominant and these genes are mainly responsible for the superior muscular strength observed in mules.

Implications of the Study

  • The researchers propose these unique DEGs and DAS genes as an index for future studies into the genetic and molecular synergism of heterosis in horse-donkey hybrids.
  • The findings from this research provide critical insights for similar studies, particularly those aimed at enhancing desired traits in other animal or plant species through crossbreeding.
  • Practical applications of this knowledge could help in improved breeding programs and could contribute to greater productivity or efficiency in agriculture and farming.

Cite This Article

APA
Gao S, Nanaei HA, Wei B, Wang Y, Wang X, Li Z, Dai X, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Shao J. (2020). Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Uncovers Novel Heterosis-Related Candidate Genes Associated with Muscular Endurance in Mules. Animals (Basel), 10(6), 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10060980

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
PII: 980

Researcher Affiliations

Gao, Shan
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Nanaei, Hojjat Asadollahpour
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Wei, Bin
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Wang, Yu
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Wang, Xihong
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Li, Zongjun
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Dai, Xuelei
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Wang, Zhichao
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Jiang, Yu
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Shao, Junjie
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.

Grant Funding

  • Z1090219002 / Northwest A&F University
  • 2013DFA31420 / National Thousand Youth Talents Plan

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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