Comparison of 4 blood storage methods in a protocol for equine pre-operative autologous donation.
Abstract: To compare viability of equine whole blood stored by 4 different methods, and to establish optimal storage protocols for an equine autologous blood donation program. Methods: In vitro study of stored equine whole blood. Animals- Six healthy adult horses. Methods: Blood from each horse was collected into 4 different containers: glass bottles containing acid-citrate-dextrose solution (ACD), plastic bags containing ACD, citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD), and CPD with supplemental adenine (CPDA-1). Blood was stored for 5 weeks and sampled at 2-day intervals. Standard hematologic and biochemical variables were evaluated, and adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) concentrations were measured and normalized to total hemoglobin content. Results: Plasma hemoglobin, % hemolysis, lactate, potassium, ammonia, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased, whereas glucose concentration and pH decreased in all stored blood over 5 weeks. There was a temporal increase in hemolysis with all storage methods, but the increase was greatest in glass bottles. Lactate and ammonia were highest in CPD and CPDA-1 samples, indicating more active red blood cell (RBC) metabolism. 2,3-DPG concentrations decreased during storage, but were optimally preserved with CPDA-1. ATP concentrations were significantly higher for blood stored in CPDA-1, and were lowest in glass bottles. Conclusions: Hematologic and biochemical values measured for blood stored in CPDA-1 are suggestive of improved RBC viability compared with other storage methods. With the exception of ATP, results from stored equine blood were similar to those reported for other species. Conclusions: Commercial CPDA-1 bags appear to be the optimal storage method for equine whole blood.
Publication Date: 2004-09-15 PubMed ID: 15362986DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04070.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigated four methods of storing horse blood, in order to ascertain the optimal storage protocol for a horse autologous blood donation program. The study found that commercial CPDA-1 bags were the most effective method.
Methods
- The research was an in vitro study using whole blood from six healthy adult horses.
- The horse blood was collected and stored in four different types of containers: glass bottles with acid-citrate-dextrose solution (ACD), plastic bags with ACD, citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD), and CPD with additional adenine (CPDA-1).
- The stored blood was studied over a period of five weeks, with samples taken and analyzed every two days.
- Various hematologic and biochemical variables were measured, including the concentrations of adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), which were calculated in relation to the total hemoglobin content of the sample.
Results
- The research found that over the five week period, all samples showed a rise in plasma hemoglobin, % hemolysis, lactate, potassium, ammonia, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Meanwhile, glucose concentration and pH decreased.
- All samples displayed an increase in hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells) over time, with the increase being highest in the samples stored in glass bottles.
- The highest levels of lactate and ammonia were found in samples stored in CPD and CPDA-1, suggesting a high level of red blood cell metabolism in those samples.
- Despite a general decrease in 2,3-DPG concentrations during storage, CPDA-1 preserved it best. ATP concentrations were significantly higher in blood stored in CPDA-1, and lowest in the samples stored in glass bottles.
Conclusions
- Overall, the study concluded that the CPDA-1 method of blood storage showed evidence of improved red blood cell viability when compared to the other methods tested.
- The researchers noted that the results from the stored horse blood were generally comparable to those reported for other species, with the exception of ATP.
- The study ultimately suggested that commercial CPDA-1 bags appear to be the optimal choice for the storage of whole blood from horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Mudge MC, Macdonald MH, Owens SD, Tablin F.
(2004).
Comparison of 4 blood storage methods in a protocol for equine pre-operative autologous donation.
Vet Surg, 33(5), 475-486.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2004.04070.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
MeSH Terms
- 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / blood
- Adenine / pharmacology
- Adenosine Triphosphate / blood
- Animals
- Anticoagulants / pharmacology
- Blood Preservation / methods
- Blood Preservation / veterinary
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous / methods
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous / veterinary
- Citrates / pharmacology
- Female
- Glass
- Glucose / pharmacology
- Hemolysis
- Horses
- Male
- Phosphates / pharmacology
- Plastics
- Preoperative Care / veterinary
- Reference Values
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Barros IO, Sousa RS, Tavares MD, Rêgo RO, Firmino PR, Souza FJA, Abrantes MR, Minervino AHH, Araújo CASC, Ortolani EL, Barrêto Júnior RA. Assessment of Donkey (Equus asinus africanus) Whole Blood Stored in CPDA-1 and CPD/SAG-M Blood Bags.. Biology (Basel) 2021 Feb 8;10(2).
- Radisic R, Owens SD, Manire CA, Montgomery N, Mader D, Zirkelbach B, Stacy NI. Red blood cell osmotic fragility in healthy loggerhead and green sea turtles.. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020 Nov;32(6):908-911.
- Fallahi L, Ghiliyan R, Hashemi A, Fatemi A, Saeedi M. Comparing Electrolytes in Prestorage Leukocyte-Reduced Packed Cell versus Unfiltered Packed Cell.. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol 2013;3(3):86-90.
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