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Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal2023; 14(4); 229-235; doi: 10.30466/vrf.2022.546475.3345

Comparison of anti-Leptospira antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in ruminants and equines of Urmia, Iran.

Abstract: Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease, is characterized by fever, jaundice, abortion and hemo-globinuria. It is widespread and the determination of the dominant serotype in the animal species of each region accelerates the control and prevention program. 862 blood samples were prepared from ruminants and equines. Serum antibody of leptospira serovars were determined based on gender and age parameters. Sera were examined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with six live serotypes. The overall prevalence was 22.30%, with the highest (37.00%) and the lowest (6.60%) in Holsteins and mules, respectively. The overall male and female incidence were 12.20% and 9.86%, respectively, which was not different. The highest gender infection was in male Holsteins (19.20%) and the lowest were in male Simmentals and mules (1.72%). The highest dilution was 1:100 for pomona and the lowest was for canicola. All animals responded positively to grippotyphosa. The highest infection to one serovar was in Holsteins and the lowest for four serovars were in goats and Simmentals. Males less than 1.5 years old showed the highest infection. Age differences in leptospira infection except for sheep was significant. In conclusion, leptospira infection in ruminants was high compared to equines. Gender differences were not significant. The highest dilution was 1:100, with pomona in ruminants and grippotyphosa in all species. Leptospiral infection was increased with age and the differences among animals except for sheep were significant. Finally, regarding 22.30% infection rate, vaccination is necessary to Holsteins, and preventive measures for others. Health advices would be necessary for human safety.
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Publication Date: 2023-04-15 PubMed ID: 37181853PubMed Central: PMC10170465DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.546475.3345Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the prevalence and type of leptospira, a zoonotic bacterium, in ruminants and equines (like cows, horses, etc.) in Urmia, Iran. It revealed a 22.30% overall infection rate, with the highest incidence in Holsteins (a type of cow) and the lowest in mules. There was no significant variation found between the genders. The research highlights the necessity of vaccination, especially for Holsteins, and other preventive measures to control the spread of leptospirosis.

Study Methodology

  • The experiment involved the collection and preparation of 862 blood samples from ruminants (cud-chewing animals with multiple stomachs, e.g., cows, goats) and equines (members of the horse family).
  • These samples were tested for antibodies against six live serotypes (strains) of the leptospira bacterium using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
  • The presence of antibodies was investigated based on the parameters of gender and age among the host species.

Key Findings

  • The study found a 22.30% overall prevalence for leptospira infection, with the highest infection rate (37.00%) found in Holsteins, and the lowest (6.60%) in mules.
  • The study also found that there was no significant difference in infection rates between males (12.20%) and females (9.86%).
  • The highest infection was seen in male Holsteins (19.20%) while the lowest was equal in male Simmentals (a breed of cattle) and mules (1.72%).
  • The study also found that animals aged below 1.5 years had the highest infection rate.
  • Significant age-related differences in leptospira infection rates were found among all animals except for sheep.

Implications and Recommendations

  • Given the 22.30% overall infection rate, it is highly recommended to establish comprehensive vaccination programs for Holsteins in the studied area.
  • The study also stresses the importance of developing preventive measures tailored towards controlling leptospira infection in other animal species as well.
  • As leptospirosis can spread to humans from animals, precautions and health advisories must be issued for people in close contact with these animals.
  • Further research needs to be done regarding leptospira infection dynamics in other animal species, which are not covered in this study, to gain a broader picture of the Leptospirosis situation in Urmia, Iran.

Cite This Article

APA
Ramin A, Abdollahpour G, Hosseinzadeh A, Azizzadeh F, Ramin P, Klalili Y, Sanajo D, Iran Nezhad S. (2023). Comparison of anti-Leptospira antibodies by microscopic agglutination test in ruminants and equines of Urmia, Iran. Vet Res Forum, 14(4), 229-235. https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2022.546475.3345

Publication

Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal
ISSN: 2008-8140
NlmUniqueID: 101625812
Country: Iran
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 229-235

Researcher Affiliations

Ramin, Aligholi
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abdollahpour, Gholamreza
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Hosseinzadeh, Azadeh
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Azizzadeh, Farid
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Ramin, Pouya
  • Student of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Klalili, Yousef
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Sanajo, Davood
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Iran Nezhad, Sasan
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Pescador-Gutiérrez AM, Chávez-Sánchez JF, Galaviz-Silva L, Zarate-Ramos JJ, Villarreal-Villarreal JP, Bernal-García SE, Castillo-Velázquez U, Cervantes-Vega R, Avalos-Ramirez R. Bovine Leptospirosis: Serology, Isolation, and Risk Factors in Dairy Farms of La Laguna, Mexico. Life (Basel) 2025 Aug 2;15(8).
    doi: 10.3390/life15081224pubmed: 40868872google scholar: lookup
  2. de Araújo Portela R, Limeira CH, Bezerra JAB, Martins CM, da Costa DF, Santos CSAB, Alves CJ, Azevedo SS. Insights on the Pooled Prevalence and Global Distribution of Leptospirosis in Goats: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2024 Nov 22;12(12).
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