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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(2); doi: 10.3390/ani11020506

Comparison of Fecal Microbiota of Horses Suffering from Atypical Myopathy and Healthy Co-Grazers.

Abstract: Equine atypical myopathy (AM) is caused by hypoglycin A (HGA) and methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPG) intoxication resulting from the ingestion of seeds or seedlings of some Acer tree species. Interestingly, not all horses pasturing in the same toxic environment develop signs of the disease. In other species, it has been shown that the intestinal microbiota has an impact on digestion, metabolism, immune stimulation and protection from disease. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare fecal microbiota of horses suffering from AM and healthy co-grazers. Furthermore, potential differences in fecal microbiota regarding the outcome of diseased animals were assessed. This prospective observational study included 59 horses with AM (29 survivors and 30 non-survivors) referred to three Belgian equine hospitals and 26 clinically healthy co-grazers simultaneously sharing contaminated pastures during spring and autumn outbreak periods. Fresh fecal samples (rectal or within 30 min of defecation) were obtained from all horses and bacterial taxonomy profiling obtained by 16S amplicon sequencing was used to identify differentially distributed bacterial taxa between AM-affected horses and healthy co-grazers. Fecal microbial diversity and evenness were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in AM-affected horses as compared with their non-affected co-grazers. The relative abundance of families Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae and Akkermansiaceae were higher (p ≤ 0.001) whereas those of the Lachnospiraceae (p = 0.0053), Bacteroidales (p < 0.0001) and Clostridiales (p = 0.0402) were lower in horses with AM, especially in those with a poor prognosis. While significant shifts were observed, it is still unclear whether they result from the disease or might be involved in the onset of disease pathogenesis.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-15 PubMed ID: 33672034PubMed Central: PMC7919468DOI: 10.3390/ani11020506Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the differences in intestinal bacteria between horses suffering from Atypical Myopathy (AM) – a disease caused by plant toxins, and their healthy counterparts sharing the same environment. It was found that there are significant differences in bacterial composition, which might be a contributing factor to the onset or progression of the disease.

Study Objective and Design

  • The main objective of the study was to examine the fecal microbiota of horses which were suffering from AM and compare it with the horses in similar environments but were healthy, known as ‘co-grazers’.
  • A secondary aim was to identify potential differences in intestinal bacteria which may be associated with the outcome of the disease, distinguishing between survivors and non-survivors.
  • The study was observational and prospective, observing the horses’ conditions and their fecal microbiota over time and in a natural environment, as opposed to experimenting in a lab setup.

Methodology

  • The test subjects included 59 horses with AM and 26 healthy ones, all of which shared contaminated pastures.
  • Fresh fecal samples were collected from all the horses, either directly (rectal collection) or within 30 minutes of defecation.
  • These samples were then processed using 16S amplicon sequencing, a technology that allows researchers to identify and profile bacterial species based on their genetic material.
  • The diversity and evenness of microbial populations in the samples were calculated and compared between the AM-affected horses and the healthy co-grazers.

Findings

  • The researchers found higher microbial diversity and evenness in horses suffering from AM compared to the healthy horses. This suggests that AM affected horses had a larger variety of different types of bacteria and a more balanced distribution of these types.
  • Specific bacterial families – namely, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Akkermansiaceae were found to be more abundant in the feces of AM-affected horses, while the families Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidales, and Clostridiales were less abundant – especially in horses with a poor disease prognosis.

Conclusion

  • While clear differences in fecal microbiota composition were observed between AM-affected horses and healthy ones, it’s unclear whether these alterations are a result or a cause of the disease. It’s possible that changes in the gut bacteria may have allowed the horse’s system to better metabolize the toxic plants, preventing its harmful effects, or it might be a consequence of the disease process itself.

Cite This Article

APA
Wimmer-Scherr C, Taminiau B, Renaud B, van Loon G, Palmers K, Votion D, Amory H, Daube G, Cesarini C. (2021). Comparison of Fecal Microbiota of Horses Suffering from Atypical Myopathy and Healthy Co-Grazers. Animals (Basel), 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020506

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 2

Researcher Affiliations

Wimmer-Scherr, Christina
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Taminiau, Bernard
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Department of Food Sciences-Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Bât. B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Renaud, Benoît
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Department of Functional Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
van Loon, Gunther
  • Large Animal Internal Medicine, Gent University, 9820 Gent, Belgium.
Palmers, Katrien
  • De Morette Equine Clinic, 1730 Asse, Belgium.
Votion, Dominique
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Amory, Hélène
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Daube, Georges
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Department of Food Sciences-Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Bât. B43b, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Cesarini, Carla
  • Equine Clinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bât. B41, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
  • Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

Grant Funding

  • 0000 / Service Public de Wallonie
  • FSR 2020 / Université de Liège

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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  3. Sander J, Terhardt M, Janzen N, Renaud B, Kruse CJ, François AC, Wouters CP, Boemer F, Votion DM. Tissue Specific Distribution and Activation of Sapindaceae Toxins in Horses Suffering from Atypical Myopathy. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jul 26;13(15).
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  4. Leonard C, Picavet PP, Fontaine J, Clercx C, Taminiau B, Daube G, Claeys S. The Middle Ear Microbiota in Healthy Dogs Is Similar to That of the External Ear Canal. Vet Sci 2023 Mar 11;10(3).
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