Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Abstract: Imidocarb, an effective treatment for piroplasmosis, may cause colic and diarrhoea in horses. Atropine and glycopyrrolate are anticholinergics that could reduce the adverse effects of imidocarb. However, atropine and glycopyrrolate inhibit gastrointestinal motility, potentially causing ileus and colic. Objective: To compare glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses and to determine the effect of combinations of these drugs on the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: A blinded, randomised, crossover study was performed in 8 healthy horses. Each horse received 0.9% saline i.m and i.v. (CON), and imidocarb 2.4 mg/kg bwt i.m. with one of 3 treatments i.v.: 0.9% saline (IMI), atropine 0.02 mg/kg bwt (IMATROP) and glycopyrrolate 0.0025 mg/kg bwt (IMGLYCO). Clinical data, gastrointestinal motility via borborygmi and frequency of contractions in the duodenum, caecum and right dorsal colon assessed with transabdominal ultrasound, and faecal data were measured. Results: After imidocarb/saline treatment colic and diarrhoea were noted in 3 and 4 horses, respectively, faecal production and defaecation were increased for 3 h and faecal water percentage for 6 h. Colic was noted after atropine treatment in 4 horses, borborygmi and frequency of right dorsal colon contractions were significantly decreased for 2 h 15 min, and faecal production was not significantly different from CON. After glycopyrrolate treatment, colic was seen in one horse, frequency of intestinal contractions and faecal data were not significantly different from CON, and borborygmi was significantly decreased from CON at 1 h 15 min. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that glycopyrrolate is superior to atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb. Conclusions: Glycopyrrolate could be administered with imidocarb in horses with piroplasmosis to reduce the adverse effects of imidocarb.
© 2012 EVJ Ltd.
Publication Date: 2013-03-05 PubMed ID: 23461655DOI: 10.1111/evj.12032Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research compares the effects of glycopyrrolate and atropine in reducing the side effects of imidocarb dipropionate, a treatment for piroplasmosis in horses. The findings suggest that glycopyrrolate is more effective, potentially making it a safer choice for use with imidocarb.
Study Objectives and Methods
- The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of glycopyrrolate and atropine in mitigating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the effects of combining these drugs on the gastrointestinal tract of the horses.
- A blinded, randomized, crossover study was conducted using eight healthy horses. Each horse received treatments including 0.9% saline intramuscularly and intravenously. They also received imidocarb with atropine, glycopyrrolate, or saline.
- Clinical data was collected, and gastrointestinal motility was assessed through borborygmi and frequency of contractions in the duodenum, caecum, and right dorsal colon. This was done using transabdominal ultrasound. In addition, faecal data was also measured.
Results of the Study
- The research found that after the imidocarb/saline treatment, colic and diarrhoea were observed in multiple horses. Additionally, faecal production and defecation increased for up to three hours, and faecal water percentage increased for up to six hours.
- Atropine treatment resulted in colic in four horses, and a significant decrease in borborygmi and frequency of right dorsal colon contractions for about two hours.
- On the other hand, glycopyrrolate treatment led to colic in just one horse with the frequency of intestinal contractions and faecal data not significantly different from the control. The borborygmi was significantly reduced at around one hour and fifteen minutes.
Conclusions from the Research
- The research concluded that glycopyrrolate is superior to atropine when it comes to reducing the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate. This suggests glycopyrrolate could be a better choice when treating horses with piroplasmosis using imidocarb.
- As a result, the researchers recommend that glycopyrrolate be administered with imidocarb dipropionate in horses to reduce the potential negative effects of the drug.
Cite This Article
APA
Donnellan CM, Page PC, Nurton JP, van den Berg JS, Guthrie AJ.
(2013).
Comparison of glycopyrrolate and atropine in ameliorating the adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in horses.
Equine Vet J, 45(5), 625-629.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12032 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antiprotozoal Agents / adverse effects
- Atropine / therapeutic use
- Colic / chemically induced
- Colic / drug therapy
- Colic / veterinary
- Cross-Over Studies
- Diarrhea / chemically induced
- Diarrhea / drug therapy
- Diarrhea / veterinary
- Double-Blind Method
- Glycopyrrolate / therapeutic use
- Horse Diseases / chemically induced
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Imidocarb / adverse effects
- Imidocarb / analogs & derivatives
- Muscarinic Antagonists / therapeutic use
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Mahdy OA, Nassar AM, Elsawy BSM, Alzan HF, Kandil OM, Mahmoud MS, Suarez CE. Cross-sectional analysis of Piroplasma species-infecting camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt using a multipronged molecular diagnostic approach.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1178511.
- Tang Y, Yu N, Liu C, Han M, Wang H, Chen X, Kang J, Li X, Liu Y. Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS/MS.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Dec 27;13(1).
- Ekstrand C, Michanek P, Gehring R, Sundell A, Källse A, Hedeland M, Ström L. Plasma atropine concentrations associated with decreased intestinal motility in horses.. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:951300.
- Nardini R, Bartolomé Del Pino LE, Cersini A, Manna G, Viola MR, Antognetti V, Autorino GL, Scicluna MT. Comparison of PCR-based methods for the detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in field samples collected in Central Italy.. Parasitol Res 2021 Jun;120(6):2157-2164.
- Ström L, Dalin F, Domberg M, Stenlund C, Bondesson U, Hedeland M, Toutain PL, Ekstrand C. Topical ophthalmic atropine in horses, pharmacokinetics and effect on intestinal motility.. BMC Vet Res 2021 Apr 7;17(1):149.
- Raftery AG, Jallow S, Rodgers J, Sutton DGM. Safety and efficacy of three trypanocides in confirmed field cases of trypanosomiasis in working equines in The Gambia: a prospective, randomised, non-inferiority trial.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Mar;13(3):e0007175.
- Van Voorhis WC, Doggett JS, Parsons M, Hulverson MA, Choi R, Arnold SLM, Riggs MW, Hemphill A, Howe DK, Mealey RH, Lau AOT, Merritt EA, Maly DJ, Fan E, Ojo KK. Extended-spectrum antiprotozoal bumped kinase inhibitors: A review.. Exp Parasitol 2017 Sep;180:71-83.
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