Comparison of hamster and pony challenge models for evaluation of effect of antigenic drift on cross protection afforded by equine influenza vaccines.
Abstract: Vaccination and challenge studies in ponies are the most relevant experimental system for predicting whether strains included in equine influenza vaccines are relevant, but they are difficult to perform. Objective: In order to investigate the feasibility of using a small animal model, results of a cross-protection study in hamsters were compared with those from a previous pony challenge experiment. Methods: Animals were immunised with inactivated vaccines containing one of 4 strains of equine influenza A H3N8 subtype virus isolated over a 26 year period (1963 to 1989), then challenged with a 1989 strain. Results: Although there was no significant difference in titres of excreted virus between groups of vaccinated ponies, hamsters immunised with heterologous strains had significantly higher virus titres in the lung than hamsters vaccinated with the homologous strain. In both ponies and hamsters, the number of animals excreting virus was greater the earlier the isolation date of the vaccine strain, although this was only significant in the hamster study. Conclusions: Despite differences, the overall conclusion of both the pony and hamster models was that heterologous vaccines may be less effective than homologous vaccines at preventing virus excretion. Conclusions: Further validation is required, but the hamster model shows potential for preliminary assessment of the effects of antigenic drift on vaccine efficacy.
Publication Date: 2003-07-24 PubMed ID: 12875323DOI: 10.2746/042516403775600433Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research investigates whether hamsters can be used as an alternative to ponies in conducting experiments for equine influenza vaccines. The findings show that while there were some differences, both models suggested that heterologous vaccines may be less effective than homologous vaccines at preventing virus excretion. Further validation is required, but the hamster model shows promise for initial assessment of the effect of antigenic variations on vaccine efficacy.
Study Objective
- The researchers wanted to determine if a small animal model, specifically hamsters, could be used instead of ponies to study the effect of antigenic drift on cross protection provided by equine influenza vaccines.
Methods and Materials
- The team immunized animals using inactivated vaccines comprising of four different strains of equine influenza A H3N8 subtype virus. These strains were isolated over a 26-year period from 1963 to 1989.
- The animals were then challenged with a 1989 strain of the virus.
Findings
- The study found no significant difference in the levels of excreted virus among groups of vaccinated ponies.
- However, hamsters inoculated with heterologous strains had notably higher virus levels in the lungs than those vaccinated with the homologous strain.
- In both ponies and hamsters, the number of animals excreting the virus was higher the earlier the vaccine strain’s isolation date. Yet, this was only statistically significant in the hamster study.
Conclusions
- Both the pony and hamster models highlighted the possibility that heterologous vaccines might be less effective than homologous vaccines at preventing virus excretion.
- While there were differences between the models, the researchers concluded that the hamster model shows potential for conducting preliminary assessments of the effects of antigenic drift on vaccine efficacy.
- However, the hamster model still requires further validation before it can be deemed a suitable alternative.
Cite This Article
APA
Daly JM, Yates RJ, Browse G, Swann Z, Newton JR, Jessett D, Davis-Poynter N, Mumford JA.
(2003).
Comparison of hamster and pony challenge models for evaluation of effect of antigenic drift on cross protection afforded by equine influenza vaccines.
Equine Vet J, 35(5), 458-462.
https://doi.org/10.2746/042516403775600433 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Antigenic Variation
- Cricetinae
- Cross Reactions
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horses
- Influenza A virus / immunology
- Influenza Vaccines / immunology
- Lung / virology
- Mesocricetus
- Models, Animal
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Random Allocation
- Vaccines, Attenuated / immunology
- Virus Shedding
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Whitlock F, Murcia PR, Newton JR. A Review on Equine Influenza from a Human Influenza Perspective.. Viruses 2022 Jun 15;14(6).
- Oladunni FS, Oseni SO, Martinez-Sobrido L, Chambers TM. Equine Influenza Virus and Vaccines.. Viruses 2021 Aug 20;13(8).
- Blanco-Lobo P, Rodriguez L, Reedy S, Oladunni FS, Nogales A, Murcia PR, Chambers TM, Martinez-Sobrido L. A Bivalent Live-Attenuated Vaccine for the Prevention of Equine Influenza Virus.. Viruses 2019 Oct 11;11(10).
- Gildea S, Garvey M, Lyons P, Lyons R, Gahan J, Walsh C, Cullinane A. Multifocal Equine Influenza Outbreak with Vaccination Breakdown in Thoroughbred Racehorses.. Pathogens 2018 Apr 17;7(2).
- Rodriguez L, Reedy S, Nogales A, Murcia PR, Chambers TM, Martinez-Sobrido L. Development of a novel equine influenza virus live-attenuated vaccine.. Virology 2018 Mar;516:76-85.
- Gamoh K, Nakamura S. Update of inactivated equine influenza vaccine strain in Japan.. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Mar 23;79(3):649-653.
- Paillot R. A Systematic Review of Recent Advances in Equine Influenza Vaccination.. Vaccines (Basel) 2014 Nov 14;2(4):797-831.
- Margine I, Krammer F. Animal models for influenza viruses: implications for universal vaccine development.. Pathogens 2014 Oct 21;3(4):845-74.
- Gildea S, Fitzpatrick DA, Cullinane A. Epidemiological and virological investigations of equine influenza outbreaks in Ireland (2010-2012).. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013 Dec;7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):61-72.
- Cullinane A, Elton D, Mumford J. Equine influenza - surveillance and control.. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2010 Nov;4(6):339-44.
- Bryant NA, Paillot R, Rash AS, Medcalf E, Montesso F, Ross J, Watson J, Jeggo M, Lewis NS, Newton JR, Elton DM. Comparison of two modern vaccines and previous influenza infection against challenge with an equine influenza virus from the Australian 2007 outbreak.. Vet Res 2010 Mar-Apr;41(2):19.
- Newby CM, Rowe RK, Pekosz A. Influenza A virus infection of primary differentiated airway epithelial cell cultures derived from Syrian golden hamsters.. Virology 2006 Oct 10;354(1):80-90.
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