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Comparison of immediate intradermal test reactivity with serum IgE quantitation by use of a radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA in horses with and without atopy.
Abstract: To compare a radioallergosorbent test and 2 ELISA with intradermal testing for the determination of environmental allergen hypersensitivity in horses with and without atopic diseases. Methods: Prospective clinical study. Methods: 10 horses with recurrent urticaria, 7 with atopic dermatitis, 16 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 22 without atopy. Methods: History, physical examination, hemogram, serum biochemical analyses, bronchoalveolar lavage, and an intradermal test (used as the criterion standard) with a regional panel of 73 allergens were performed in all horses. Serum was analyzed by use of the 3 in vitro assays of allergen-specific IgE. Results: An ELISA based on the alpha chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor, the Fcepsilon receptor immunoglobin epsilon chain (FcepsilonRIalpha) for IgE, had the overall highest kappa statistic (0.238), positive predictive value (49%), and negative predictive value (78%). Overall agreement between the FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA and the intradermal test was fair. The highest kappa statistic was obtained by the FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA in horses with atopic dermatitis (0.330). Kappa statistics for the radioallergosorbent test and a polyclonal antibody-based ELISA agreed slightly with that of the intradermal test at best. Conclusions: None of the 3 serum allergy tests reliably detected allergen hypersensitivity, compared with the intradermal test. The FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA performed significantly better overall than the other 2 tests. Low sensitivity of all 3 assays indicates the need for continued study to elucidate a more sensitive test for the determination of potentially pathogenic allergens in horses.
Publication Date: 2001-05-02 PubMed ID: 11330620DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1314Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the efficacy of three different tests (a radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA) for identifying allergen hypersensitivity in horses and compares the results to intradermal testing. The study highlights that none of the tests showed a reliable level of detection, although one ELISA test performed better than the others.
Objective and Methodology
- The primary aim of the research was to compare the efficiency of three types of tests (a radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA) against the intradermal test to detect environmental allergen hypersensitivity in horses with and without atopic diseases.
- A prospective clinical study was carried out using unequal samples of horses diagnosed with different conditions: 10 with recurrent urticaria, 7 with atopic dermatitis, 16 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 22 healthy horses. All horses underwent a series of examinations, including intradermal testing with 73 allergens and serum analysis using the three in vitro allergy test methods.
Findings
- The ELISA utilizing the alpha chain of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRIalpha) for detecting IgE emerged as the most efficient of the three tests. It showed the highest kappa statistic (an agreement index between the test and the intradermal test), a 49% positive predictive value, and a 78% negative predictive value.
- Despite the comparatively better performance, the overall agreement between the FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA and the intradermal test was evaluated as fair.
- The said ELISA also showed the highest agreement with the intradermal test for horses with atopic dermatitis.
- Both radioallergosorbent test and the other ELISA (polyclonal antibody-based) showed only slight agreement with the intradermal test at best.
Conclusion
- All three serum allergy tests (radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA) were found to be subpar in detecting allergen hypersensitivity when compared to the intradermal test.
- The FcepsilonRIalpha-based ELISA, while performing better than the other two tests, still left room for improvement.
- The low sensitivity of all three tests suggest a need for further research to develop a more sensitive and reliable test for identifying potentially pathogenic allergens in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Lorch G, Hillier A, Kwochka KW, Saville WJ, Kohn CW, LeRoy BE.
(2001).
Comparison of immediate intradermal test reactivity with serum IgE quantitation by use of a radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA in horses with and without atopy.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 218(8), 1314-1322.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2001.218.1314 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1092, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horses
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate / diagnosis
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate / immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate / veterinary
- Immunoglobulin E / analysis
- Prospective Studies
- Radioallergosorbent Test / methods
- Radioallergosorbent Test / veterinary
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 9 times.- Marsella R. Atopic Dermatitis in Domestic Animals: What Our Current Understanding Is and How This Applies to Clinical Practice. Vet Sci 2021 Jul 2;8(7).
- van Damme CMM, van den Broek J, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM. Discrepancies in the bilateral intradermal test and serum tests in atopic horses. Vet Dermatol 2020 Oct;31(5):390-e104.
- Wilkołek P, Szczepanik M, Sitkowski W, Rodzik B, Pluta M, Taszkun I, Gołyński M. Evaluation of multiple allergen simultaneous (sIgE) testing compared to intradermal testing in the etiological diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in horses. J Vet Sci 2019 Nov;20(6):e60.
- Einhorn L, Hofstetter G, Brandt S, Hainisch EK, Fukuda I, Kusano K, Scheynius A, Mittermann I, Resch-Marat Y, Vrtala S, Valenta R, Marti E, Rhyner C, Crameri R, Satoh R, Teshima R, Tanaka A, Sato H, Matsuda H, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. Molecular allergen profiling in horses by microarray reveals Fag e 2 from buckwheat as a frequent sensitizer. Allergy 2018 Jul;73(7):1436-1446.
- Marsella R, De Benedetto A. Atopic Dermatitis in Animals and People: An Update and Comparative Review. Vet Sci 2017 Jul 26;4(3).
- Morán G, Burgos R, Araya O, Folch H. In vitro bioassay to detect reaginic antibodies from the serum of horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction. Vet Res Commun 2010 Jan;34(1):91-9.
- Langner KF, Jarvis DL, Nimtz M, Heselhaus JE, McHolland LE, Leibold W, Drolet BS. Identification, expression and characterisation of a major salivary allergen (Cul s 1) of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis relevant for summer eczema in horses. Int J Parasitol 2009 Jan;39(2):243-50.
- Szabó MP, Castagnolli KC, Santana DA, de Castro MB, Romano MA. Amblyomma cajennense ticks induce immediate hypersensitivity in horses and donkeys. Exp Appl Acarol 2004;33(1-2):109-17.
- O Morris D, Lindborg S. Determination of 'irritant' threshold concentrations for intradermal testing with allergenic insect extracts in normal horses. Vet Dermatol 2003 Feb;14(1):31-36.
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