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Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 10; 1162953; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162953

Comparison of muscle metabolomics between two Chinese horse breeds.

Abstract: With their enormous muscle mass and athletic ability, horses are well-positioned as model organisms for understanding muscle metabolism. There are two different types of horse breeds-Guanzhong (GZ) horses, an athletic breed with a larger body height (~148.7 cm), and the Ningqiang pony (NQ) horses, a lower height breed generally used for ornamental purposes-both inhabited in the same region of China with obvious differences in muscle content. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the breed-specific mechanisms controlling muscle metabolism. In this study, we observed muscle glycogen, enzyme activities, and LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics in the gluteus medius muscle of six, each of GZ and NQ horses, to explore differentiated metabolites that are related to the development of two muscles. As expected, the glycogen content, citrate synthase, and hexokinase activity of muscle were significantly higher in GZ horses. To alleviate the false positive rate, we used both MS1 and MS2 ions for metabolite classification and differential analysis. As a result, a total of 51,535 MS1 and 541 MS2 metabolites were identified, and these metabolites can separate these two groups from each other. Notably, 40% of these metabolites were clustered into lipids and lipid-like molecules. Furthermore, 13 significant metabolites were differentially detected between GZ and NQ horses (fold change [FC] value ≥ 2, variable important in projection value ≥1, and value ≤ 0.05). They are primarily clustered into glutathione metabolism (GSH, = 0.01), taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism ( < 0.05) pathways. Seven of the 13 metabolites were also found in thoroughbred racing horses, suggesting that metabolites related to antioxidants, amino acids, and lipids played a key role in the development of skeleton muscle in horses. Those metabolites related to muscle development shed a light on racing horses' routine maintenance and improvement of athletic performance.
Copyright © 2023 Meng, Zhang, Lv, Zhang, Liu and Jiang.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-05 PubMed ID: 37215482PubMed Central: PMC10196265DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162953Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article provides insights on the differing muscle metabolism of two Chinese horse breeds, the Guanzhong (GZ), and Ningqiang pony (NQ). Spartanly speaking, the researchers analyzed muscle glycogen and enzyme activities, as well as untargeted metabolomics, achieving significant findings regarding differential metabolites and their role in muscle development.

Objective and Methodology

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the distinct mechanisms controlling muscle metabolism in the GZ and NQ horses. These two horse breeds – GZ being athletic with a larger body and NQ mostly used for ornamental purposes with a lower body height – provide an exciting comparative study, not least due to their similar environment.

The researchers used the gluteus medius muscle of six horses from each breed to explore differentiated metabolites related to muscle development. This examination included analyzing muscle glycogen content and the activity of enzymes such as citrate synthase and hexokinase.

Findings and Analysis

As anticipated, the muscle’s glycogen content and citrate synthase and hexokinase activity were remarkably higher in the athletic GZ horses compared to the ornamental NQ horses. Following that, the researchers embarked on metabolite classification and differential analysis through both MS1 and MS2 ions.

  • A total of 51,535 MS1 and 541 MS2 metabolites were identified that were able to segregate the two horse groups. Interestingly, approximately 40% of these metabolites were lipid and lipid-like molecules.
  • Between the GZ and NQ horses, 13 significant metabolites were differentially detected, many related to glutathione (GSH) metabolism, taurine, and hypotaurine metabolism pathways.
  • Out of these 13 metabolites, seven were also present in thoroughbred racing horses, drawing a link to metabolites associated with antioxidants, amino acids, and lipids important for the skeleton muscle development in horses.

Significance and Implications

This study demystifies the distinct muscle metabolism between GZ and NQ horses, shedding light on significant aspects of horse physiology and performance, especially for racing horses. The identified metabolites related to muscle development, such as those connected to antioxidants, amino acids, and lipids, turned out to be key players in the horses’ muscle development.

Findings from this research are invaluable for enhancing the routine maintenance and improving athletic performance of racing horses. Understanding the specific metabolites and their roles allows for more informed decisions about horse nutrition and training, leading to healthier and better-performing horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Meng S, Zhang Y, Lv S, Zhang Z, Liu X, Jiang L. (2023). Comparison of muscle metabolomics between two Chinese horse breeds. Front Vet Sci, 10, 1162953. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1162953

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1162953
PII: 1162953

Researcher Affiliations

Meng, Sihan
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
Zhang, Yanli
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
Lv, Shipeng
  • College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
Zhang, Zhengkai
  • CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
Liu, Xuexue
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.
  • Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Jiang, Lin
  • Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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