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Frontiers in veterinary science2021; 8; 718866; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.718866

Comparison of Shifts in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Parameters in Horses in Three Different Muscles, in Answer to 8 Weeks of Harness Training.

Abstract: Training-induced follow-up of multiple muscle plasticity parameters in postural stability vs. locomotion muscles provides an integrative physiological view on shifts in the muscular metabolic machinery. It can be expected that not all muscle plasticity parameters show the same expression time profile across muscles. This knowledge is important to underpin results of metabolomic studies. Twelve non-competing Standardbred mares were subjected to standardized harness training. Muscle biopsies were taken on a non-training day before and after 8 weeks. Shifts in muscle fiber type composition and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were compared in the m. pectoralis, the m. vastus lateralis, and the m. semitendinosus. In the m. vastus lateralis, which showed most pronounced training-induced plasticity, two additional muscle plasticity parameters (capillarization and mitochondrial density) were assessed. In the m. semitendinosus, additionally the mean minimum Feret's diameter was assessed. There was a significant difference in baseline profiles. The m. semitendinosus contained less type I and more type IIX fibers compatible with the most pronounced anaerobic profile. Though no baseline fiber type-specific and overall mean CSA differences could be detected, there was a clear post-training decrease in fiber type specific CSA, most pronounced for the m. vastus lateralis, and this was accompanied by a clear increase in capillary supply. No shifts in mitochondrial density were detected. The m. semitendinosus showed a decrease in fiber type specific CSA of type IIAX fibers and a decrease of type I fiber Feret's diameter as well as mean minimum Feret's diameter. The training-induced increased capillary supply in conjunction with a significant decrease in muscle fiber CSA suggests that the muscular machinery models itself toward an optimal smaller individual muscle fiber structure to receive and process fuels that can be swiftly delivered by the circulatory system. These results are interesting in view of the recently identified important fuel candidates such as branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and gut microbiome-related xenobiotics, which need a rapid gut-muscle gateway to reach these fibers and are less challenging for the mitochondrial system. More research is needed with that respect. Results also show important differences between muscle groups with respect to baseline and training-specific modulation.
Copyright © 2021 de Meeûs d'Argenteuil, Boshuizen, Vidal Moreno de Vega, Leybaert, de Maré, Goethals, De Spiegelaere, Oosterlinck and Delesalle.
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Publication Date: 2021-10-18 PubMed ID: 34733900PubMed Central: PMC8558477DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.718866Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the changes in muscular characteristics of horses exposed to 8 weeks of standardized harness training, focusing on three different muscles.

Research Overview

The researchers assess shifts in muscle plasticity parameters in horses following standardized harness training, in order to gain a better understanding of training-induced changes in muscular metabolic machinery. The shifts in muscle fiber type composition and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in three different muscle groups were analysed, namely: m. pectoralis, m. vastus lateralis, and m. semitendinosus.

Methodology

  • Twelve non-competing Standardbred mares were put through a regimented harness training program for 8 weeks.
  • Muscle biopsies were taken on a non-training day before the training started and after the 8-week session.
  • The muscle fiber type composition and CSA of m. pectoralis, m. vastus lateralis, and m. semitendinosus muscles were compared.
  • Additional muscle plasticity parameters (capillarization and mitochondrial density) were assessed in the m. vastus lateralis, while the mean minimum Feret’s diameter was assessed in the m. semitendinosus.

Findings

  • The m. semitendinosus muscles had a significantly different baseline profile from the other muscles with fewer type I fibers and more type IIX fibers, which is more in line with an anaerobic profile.
  • Post-training, a reduction in fiber type-specific CSA was observed in all muscles, most notably in the m. vastus lateralis. This reduction was accompanied by an increase in the muscle’s capillary supply.
  • No significant changes were noted in the mitochondrial density of the muscles.
  • The m. semitendinosus muscles showed a decrease in type IIAX fiber-specific CSA as well as a reduction in type I fiber and mean minimum Feret’s diameter.
  • The observed increase in capillary supply and decrease in muscle fiber CSA suggest the muscular system adapts to optimize the fuel intake and processing potential of individual muscle fibers.

Implications and Future Directions

  • This research indicates the potential importance of fuel candidates such as branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and gut microbiome-related xenobiotics for muscular function.
  • The findings underscore the need for further research on the effects of training on different muscle groups and how muscular adjustments to training could have implications for understanding metabolic processes.
  • The study also highlights the variability between muscle groups with respect to their baseline characteristics and how they respond to specific training regimens.

Cite This Article

APA
de Meeûs d'Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Vidal Moreno de Vega C, Leybaert L, de Maré L, Goethals K, De Spiegelaere W, Oosterlinck M, Delesalle C. (2021). Comparison of Shifts in Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Parameters in Horses in Three Different Muscles, in Answer to 8 Weeks of Harness Training. Front Vet Sci, 8, 718866. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.718866

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 718866
PII: 718866

Researcher Affiliations

de Meeûs d'Argenteuil, Constance
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Boshuizen, Berit
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
  • Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands.
Vidal Moreno de Vega, Carmen
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Leybaert, Luc
  • Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
de Maré, Lorie
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Goethals, Klara
  • Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group Biometrics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
De Spiegelaere, Ward
  • Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Oosterlinck, Maarten
  • Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Delesalle, Cathérine
  • Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

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