Comparison of the effect of Crotalus simus and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms on the equine antibody response towards Bothrops asper venom: implications for the production of polyspecific snake antivenoms.
Abstract: Antivenoms are preparations of immunoglobulins purified from the plasma of animals immunized with snake venoms. Depending on the number of venoms used during the immunization, antivenoms can be monospecific (if venom from a single species is used) or polyspecific (if venoms from several species are used). In turn, polyspecific antivenoms can be prepared by purifying antibodies from the plasma of animals immunized with a mixture of venoms, or by mixing antibodies purified from the plasma of animals immunized separately with single venom. The suitability of these strategies to produce polyspecific antibothropic-crotalic antivenoms was assessed using as models the venoms of Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Crotalus durissus ruruima. It was demonstrated that, when used as co-immunogen, C. simus and C. durissus ruruima venoms exert a deleterious effect on the antibody response towards different components of B. asper venom and in the neutralization of hemorrhagic and coagulant effect of this venom when compared with a monospecific B. asper antivenom. Polyspecific antivenoms produced by purifying immunoglobulins from the plasma of animals immunized with venom mixtures showed higher antibody titers and neutralizing capacity than those produced by mixing antibodies purified from the plasma of animals immunized separately with single venom. Thus, despite the deleterious effect of Crotalus sp venoms on the immune response against B. asper venom, the use of venom mixtures is more effective than the immunization with separate venoms for the preparation of polyspecific bothropic-crotalic antivenoms.
Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2010-12-02 PubMed ID: 21130107DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.11.016Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research study evaluates the effectiveness of using various snake venoms to develop antivenoms, specifically looking at the venoms of Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus, and Crotalus durissus ruruima snakes. The study suggests that using a combination of venoms can produce more effective antivenoms in comparison to immunizing animals with venoms separately.
Strategies for the Development of Antivenoms
- The research investigates different strategies to create effective antivenoms, focusing on monospecific (using venom from a single species) and polyspecific (using venoms from multiple species) solutions. Antivenoms are purified immunoglobulins taken from the plasma of animals that have been immunized with snake venoms.
- Polyspecific antivenoms can either be prepared by purifying antibodies from the plasma of animals immunized with a collection of venoms or by merging antibodies that have been purified from the plasma of animals separately immunized with a single type of venom.
Testing the Effect of Different Snake Venoms
- The researchers used the venoms of three snake species – Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus, and Crotalus durissus ruruima – to compare the antibody response when used individually, and when mixed together.
- The results showed that when venoms from Crotalus simus and Crotalus durissus ruruima snakes were used along with Bothrops asper venom, they inhibited the antibody response towards the components of Bothrops asper venom.
- This negative effect was observed in the neutralization of the hemorrhagic and coagulant effects of the venom compared to a monospecific Bothrops asper venom antivenom solution.
Advantages of Using Mixed Venoms
- The researchers found that antivenoms made through purification of antibodies from the plasma of animals treated with a mixture of venoms displayed higher antibody count and better neutralization ability than antivenoms made from separately immunized venoms.
- Despite the negative impact of Crotalus sp venoms on the immune response to Bothrops asper venom, the use of a mix of venoms proved to be more effective for the preparation of polyspecific bothropic-crotalic antivenoms.
Cite This Article
APA
Dos-Santos MC, Arroyo C, Solano S, Herrera M, Villalta M, Segura A, Estrada R, Gutiérrez JM, León G.
(2010).
Comparison of the effect of Crotalus simus and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms on the equine antibody response towards Bothrops asper venom: implications for the production of polyspecific snake antivenoms.
Toxicon, 57(2), 237-243.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.11.016 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing / biosynthesis
- Antibody Formation
- Antivenins / biosynthesis
- Blood Coagulation / drug effects
- Bothrops
- Cross Reactions
- Crotalid Venoms / antagonists & inhibitors
- Crotalid Venoms / immunology
- Crotalid Venoms / toxicity
- Crotalus
- Female
- Horses / immunology
- Humans
- Lethal Dose 50
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Species Specificity
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