Comparison of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES®) and laparoscopy for elective bilateral ovariectomy in standing mares.
Abstract: To compare surgical trauma, perioperative pain, surgical time, and complication rate in mares undergoing standing bilateral ovariectomy by natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) or laparoscopy. Methods: Experimental study. Methods: Healthy mares (n = 12). Methods: Ovariectomy was performed with a vessel-sealing device by transvaginal NOTES (n = 6) using a flexible endoscope and specialized instruments or by bilateral flank laparoscopy (n = 6). Preoperative and postoperative complete blood count (CBC), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum amyloid A concentration, peritoneal nucleated cell count, and total protein concentration were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Surgical times were compared using an unpaired t-test. Mares were monitored for 2 weeks postoperatively and necropsy was performed at 3 weeks (n = 6) or 3 months (n = 6) to assess short- and medium-term effects of each procedure. Complication rate, necropsy, and bacteriology findings were compared using a Fishers exact test. Significance was set at P < .05. Results: All surgical procedures were performed successfully and all but one laparoscopy mare were bright, alert, and maintained a good appetite until euthanasia. Mean ± SD surgical time was similar between groups (NOTES: 100 ± 40 minutes; laparoscopy: 107 ± 47 minutes). There were no significant temporal differences in vital parameters, CBC, plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum amyloid A concentration, peritoneal nucleated cell count, and total protein concentration between groups. Conclusions: Bilateral ovariectomy by transvaginal NOTES or laparoscopy resulted in minimal inflammation and surgical trauma.
© Copyright 2011 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
Publication Date: 2011-09-23 PubMed ID: 22091993DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00877.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study compares the outcomes of two techniques for removing both ovaries in standing mares: natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) performed transvaginally, and laparoscopy performed via the flank. The metrics used for comparison included surgical trauma, perioperative pain, surgical time, and complication rate. Findings revealed both methods resulted in minimal inflammation and surgical trauma, and no significant differences in the mentioned metrics.
Study Design and Methodology
- The experimental study involved twelve healthy mares. The mares were split into two groups; six underwent bilateral ovariectomy through transvaginal NOTES, while the other six underwent the same procedure via flank laparoscopy.
- A vessel-sealing device was used to perform the ovariectomy. For the NOTES procedure, a flexible endoscope and specialized instruments were used.
- Multiple measures were taken pre- and post-operation, including complete blood count (CBC), plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum amyloid A concentration, peritoneal nucleated cell count, and total protein concentration. These measures were compared using repeated measures ANOVA.
- The time taken to complete the surgical procedure was recorded and compared for the two groups.
- After surgery, the mares were monitored for two weeks. Necropsy was conducted on the mares after three weeks or three months, to evaluate the short- and medium-term effects of each surgical procedure.
- Metrics such as complication rate, findings from the necropsy, and bacteriology were compared using a Fisher’s exact test. The significance level was set at P < .05.
Study Findings
- Both surgical procedures were carried out successfully. All the mares, barring one that had undergone laparoscopy, showed positive post-surgical conditions: they were alert and maintained a good appetite until euthanasia.
- There was no significant difference in surgical time between the two groups: the NOTES procedure took on average 100 ± 40 minutes, while the laparoscopy procedure took on average 107 ± 47 minutes.
- No significant temporal differences were observed in terms of vital parameters, CBC, plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum amyloid A concentration, peritoneal nucleated cell count, and total protein concentration.
- In terms of post-operative inflammation and surgical trauma, both the NOTES and laparoscopy procedures showed minimal impact.
Conclusion
- Based on the recorded metrics—surgical time, vital parameters, CBC, plasma fibrinogen concentration, serum amyloid A concentration, peritoneal nucleated cell count, and total protein concentration—there was no significant difference between the outcomes of bilateral ovariectomy carried out via transvaginal NOTES or flank laparoscopy.
- Both the surgical procedures resulted in minimal surgical trauma or inflammation, indicating that they could be considered equally viable options for mares requiring bilateral ovariectomy.
Cite This Article
APA
Pader K, Freeman LJ, Constable PD, Wu CC, Snyder PW, Lescun TB.
(2011).
Comparison of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES®) and laparoscopy for elective bilateral ovariectomy in standing mares.
Vet Surg, 40(8), 998-1008.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2011.00877.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Elective Surgical Procedures / methods
- Elective Surgical Procedures / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / surgery
- Inflammation / etiology
- Inflammation / veterinary
- Laparoscopy / methods
- Laparoscopy / veterinary
- Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / methods
- Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / veterinary
- Ovariectomy / methods
- Ovariectomy / veterinary
- Pain, Postoperative / veterinary
- Postoperative Complications / veterinary
- Time Factors
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Straticò P, Guerri G, Palozzo A, Varasano V, Petrizzi L. Current Use of Equine Laparoscopy in Urogenital Disorders: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2000 to 2021.. Vet Sci 2022 Jan 22;9(2).
- Campbell ML, Sandøe P. Welfare in horse breeding.. Vet Rec 2015 Apr 25;176(17):436-40.
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