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Viruses2023; 15(6); 1230; doi: 10.3390/v15061230

Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance.

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive disease threatens the health and well-being of horses and humans worldwide. Disease in horses and humans is remarkably similar. The occurrence of WNV disease in these mammalian hosts has geographic overlap with shared macroscale and microscale drivers of risk. Importantly, intrahost virus dynamics, the evolution of the antibody response, and clinicopathology are similar. The goal of this review is to provide a comparison of WNV infection in humans and horses and to identify similarities that can be exploited to enhance surveillance methods for the early detection of WNV neuroinvasive disease.
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Publication Date: 2023-05-24 PubMed ID: 37376530PubMed Central: PMC10303507DOI: 10.3390/v15061230Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers in this article are comparing the West Nile Virus (WNV) disease as it manifests in humans and horses, with the aim to improve earlier detection of the disease through enhanced surveillance methods.

Similarities in Disease Manifestation

  • The study looks at the occurrence of West Nile virus in horses and humans, two host species that demonstrate remarkable similarity in the presentation of the disease. The researchers note that both species also share geographic regions that are prone to WNV outbreaks, with common risk factors on both macro and micro levels.

Intrahost Virus Dynamics and Antibody Response

  • The article examines the intrahost virus dynamics, which refers to how the virus behaves and multiplies within a single host. The researchers also look into the evolution of the antibody response in both species. The antibody response is how the body’s immune system responds to the virus.

Clinicopathology of WNV

  • The clinicopathology of the West Nile virus is also analyzed by the researchers. Clinicopathology involves studying the clinical aspects of a disease (symptoms, patient history, physical examinations, etc.) and relating these to the changes in body tissues and organs at the macroscopic or microscopic level.

Surveillance Enhancement

  • The researchers propose to leverage the similarities between horses and humans in the manifestation and progression of WNV for surveillance enhancement. They believe that understanding these similar patterns will give insight into how to better detect the virus at earlier stages in both species.

In essence, this study aims to promote an integrated approach to human and horse health when it comes to dealing with the threat of West Nile virus, by exploiting their shared disease patterns for improved surveillance and early detection.

Cite This Article

APA
Schwarz ER, Long MT. (2023). Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance. Viruses, 15(6), 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15061230

Publication

Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
NlmUniqueID: 101509722
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
PII: 1230

Researcher Affiliations

Schwarz, Erika R
  • Montana Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, MT Department of Livestock, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
Long, Maureen T
  • Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Horses
  • Animals
  • West Nile virus / physiology
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • Sentinel Surveillance
  • Mammals
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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