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Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2010; 17(5); 875-878; doi: 10.1128/CVI.00217-09

Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay for differentiating West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections in horses.

Abstract: A complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay was established to measure antibodies to the West Nile virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in horses. Sera collected from a WNV-infected horse mediated lysis of WNV NS1-expressing cells in a dose-dependent manner at higher percentages than sera from a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)-infected horse. The percentages of specific lysis for sera diluted 1:10 to 1:80 were <19.8% (assay cutoff) for almost all of the 100 JEV-infected or uninfected horses tested, in contrast to 55 to 76% in WNV-infected horses. Experimental infection revealed that horses became anti-WNV NS1 antibody positive 10 days after WNV infection. This study demonstrated the utility of this assay for differentiating WNV from JEV infections in horses.
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Publication Date: 2010-03-17 PubMed ID: 20237201PubMed Central: PMC2863385DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00217-09Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the development of a complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay to detect antibodies to the West Nile virus in horses. The assay showed promise in distinguishing West Nile virus infections from Japanese Encephalitis virus infections.

About the Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay

  • The researchers established a Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay for its potential to measure antibodies to the West Nile Virus (WNV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) in horses.
  • This assay works by observing if cells expressing the NS1 protein from the West Nile Virus are destroyed or lysed when introduced into the serum collected from an infected horse. The death of these cells is seen as an indicator of the presence of specific antibodies against the virus.

Comparing WNV and JEV infections

  • Through the CDC assay, the researchers compared the reactions of serum obtained from a West Nile Virus (WNV) -infected horse and a Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) -infected horse.
  • The results showed that the WNV-infected horse’s serum could mediate cell lysis in a dose-dependent manner at significantly higher percentages than the JEV-infected horse’s serum.
  • Therefore, when the horses’ serum was diluted to ratios from 1:10 to 1:80, the specific lysis (cell destruction) was less than 19.8% for almost all of the 100 JEV-infected or uninfected horses. This percentage was significantly less than the 55 to 76% cell destruction observed in WNV-infected horses.

Identifying WNV Infection

  • Through an experimental infection process, the study showed that horses became anti-WNV NS1 antibody-positive 10 days after being infected with the West Nile Virus.
  • Therefore, this CDC assay may help develop a timeline for identifying a WNV infection in horses.

Overall Implications

  • This study demonstrated that the CDC assay has the potential to identify and differentiate WNV infections from JEV infections in horses.
  • This tool can be a valuable resource for diagnosing infections and managing diseases spread by these viruses in equine populations.

Cite This Article

APA
Kitai Y, Kondo T, Konishi E. (2010). Complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay for differentiating West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections in horses. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 17(5), 875-878. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00217-09

Publication

Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
ISSN: 1556-679X
NlmUniqueID: 101252125
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 17
Issue: 5
Pages: 875-878

Researcher Affiliations

Kitai, Yoko
  • Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
Kondo, Takashi
    Konishi, Eiji

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Antibodies, Viral / blood
      • Complement System Proteins / immunology
      • Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / methods
      • Diagnosis, Differential
      • Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / immunology
      • Encephalitis, Japanese / diagnosis
      • Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
      • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Sensitivity and Specificity
      • West Nile Fever / diagnosis
      • West Nile Fever / veterinary
      • West Nile virus / immunology

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 8 times.
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