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Scientific reports2021; 11(1); 7352; doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86478-7

Complexed trace mineral supplementation alters antioxidant activities and expression in response to trailer stress in yearling horses in training.

Abstract: To test the hypothesis that complexed trace mineral supplementation would increase antioxidant capacity and decrease muscle oxidative stress and damage in young horses entering an exercise training program, Quarter Horses (mean [Formula: see text] SD; 9.7 ± 0.7 mo) balanced by age, sex, and BW were assigned to receive complexed (CTM; n = 8) or inorganic (INORG; n = 8) trace minerals at -12 week relative to this study. Blood and muscle samples were collected before (week 0) and after 12 week of light exercise training surrounding a 1.5-h trailer stressor. Muscle glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was higher for CTM than INORG horses (P ≤ 0.0003) throughout the study. Following both trailer stressors, serum creatine kinase increased (P < 0.0001) and remained elevated through 24 h post-trailering (P < 0.0001). At week 0, muscle malondialdehyde, expression of superoxide dismutase 2, and whole blood GPx activity increased (P [Formula: see text] 0.003) following trailering but trailering did not affect these measures at week 12. Young horses supplemented with CTM had higher muscle GPx activity than horses receiving INORG, but CTM did not affect damage markers following a stressor. Dietary CTM may be useful for improving antioxidant capacity during exercise training in young equine athletes.
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Publication Date: 2021-04-01 PubMed ID: 33795725PubMed Central: PMC8016935DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86478-7Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the effects of complexed trace mineral supplementation on the antioxidant activities and stress responses in young training horses under stress. The study suggests that this type of supplementation may enhance antioxidant capacity during exercise training in these young equine athletes.

Study Design and Participants

  • The study focused on Quarter Horses around 9.7 months old, evenly divided by age, sex, and body weight. They were assigned to one of two groups: one receiving complexed trace minerals (CTM; n = 8) and the other receiving inorganic trace minerals (INORG; n = 8).
  • The supplementation started 12 weeks (denoted as “-12 week”) before the study. During this time, blood and muscle samples were collected for analysis at the start (week 0) and at the end of the 12-week light exercise training program that also involved a 1.5-hour trailer stressor.

Findings of the Study

  • The study found that muscle glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly higher in the CTM group than in the INORG group.
  • In both groups, serum creatine kinase levels increased following the trailer stressors and stayed elevated for 24 hours after trailering.
  • At the start of the study, certain oxidative stress markers, such as muscle malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase 2 expression, and whole blood GPx activity, increased after trailering, but these effects were not observed in the 12th week.
  • Horses given CTM had higher muscle GPx activity compared to those on INORG, but the CTM did not impact damage markers after stress.

Conclusion and Implications

  • Given these results, the research suggests that dietary CTM supplementation may be beneficial in improving antioxidant capacity during exercise training in young horses. The impact on reducing muscle oxidative stress and damage, however, remains unclear. This finding offers potentiality for better health and performance for young equine athletes.

Cite This Article

APA
Latham CM, Dickson EC, Owen RN, Larson CK, White-Springer SH. (2021). Complexed trace mineral supplementation alters antioxidant activities and expression in response to trailer stress in yearling horses in training. Sci Rep, 11(1), 7352. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86478-7

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 7352
PII: 7352

Researcher Affiliations

Latham, Christine M
  • Texas A&M Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Dickson, Emily C
  • Texas A&M Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Owen, Randi N
  • Texas A&M Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Larson, Connie K
  • Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN, 55344, USA.
White-Springer, Sarah H
  • Texas A&M Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. shwhite@tamu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Feed
  • Animal Husbandry
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Biomarkers / metabolism
  • Body Weight
  • Creatine Kinase / blood
  • Diet / veterinary
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Female
  • Glutathione Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Malondialdehyde / metabolism
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Physical Conditioning, Animal
  • Selenium / metabolism
  • Trace Elements / metabolism

Conflict of Interest Statement

This research was funded by Zinpro Corporation, and Dr. Larson is an employee of Zinpro. Dr. Latham, Dr. White, Emily Dickson, and Randi Owen declare no real or perceived conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Latham CM, Guy CP, Wesolowski LT, White-Springer SH. Fueling equine performance: importance of mitochondrial phenotype in equine athletes. Anim Front 2022 Jun;12(3):6-14.
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  2. Fresa K, Catandi GD, Gonzalez-Castro R, Omar A, Whitcomb LA, Cheng MH, Chen TW, Carnevale EM, Chicco AJ. Impact of dietary essential fatty acids on phospholipid composition and mitochondrial function in aged mares. Sci Rep 2025 Dec 5;15(1):43295.
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  4. Barshick MR, Ely KM, Mogge KC, Chance LM, Johnson SE. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Supplementation in Adult Horses Supports Improved Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Gene Expression Following Exercise. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jan 14;15(2).
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