Concurrent cryptosporidium and coronavirus infections in an Arabian foal with combined immunodeficiency syndrome.
Abstract: Combined immunodeficiency syndrome is an inherited disorder of the Arabian breed of horses. Affected foals usually die of infectious disease within the first few months of life, and the respiratory tract is the commonest site of infection. This report describes the clinical and pathological features of a case which showed signs of alimentary and respiratory infections. Intestinal infection by coronavirus (not previously recorded in cases of the syndrome) and cryptosporidia was identified. Histopathological evidence also suggested the presence of an adenovirus infection.
Publication Date: 1990-02-10 PubMed ID: 2156372
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- Case Reports
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research discusses a case involving an Arabian foal afflicted with Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome. This genetic disorder left the foal vulnerable to many infectious diseases, and in this instance, concurrent infections from coronavirus and cryptosporidium were identified, with the possibility of an adenovirus infection as well.
Introduction
- The study focuses on a horse of the Arabian breed affected by a genetic disorder known as Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (CID).
- This disorder weakens the immune system, making the affected animal susceptible to a range of infectious diseases.
- Most foals with CID typically die within their first few months due to these infections, with the respiratory tract being the most vulnerable site.
Case Details
- In this particular case, the foal displayed symptoms of alimentary and respiratory infections.
- The research emphasized that these infections were found to be concurrent infections by different pathogens.
Identification of Pathogens
- Upon examination, the foal was found to be suffering from an intestinal infection caused by coronavirus – a finding that has not been previously recorded in cases of CID in Arabian horses.
- A second infection by cryptosporidia, a type of parasitic protozoa, was also identified in the foal’s system.
- The paper also mentions the possibility of a third simultaneous infection caused by adenovirus, based on histopathological evidence.
Significance of the Study
- This study adds to the knowledge about the issues faced by horses born with CID, specifically related to the vulnerability to numerous infections simultaneously.
- This case helps in better understanding the health complications in Arabian breed horses with CID.
- There’s also a mention of the identification of coronavirus, which was not hitherto associated with CID in Arabian foals, thus highlighting the wide range of infections that these horses can contract.
Cite This Article
APA
Mair TS, Taylor FG, Harbour DA, Pearson GR.
(1990).
Concurrent cryptosporidium and coronavirus infections in an Arabian foal with combined immunodeficiency syndrome.
Vet Rec, 126(6), 127-130.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Science, Langford, Avon.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Coronaviridae Infections / complications
- Coronaviridae Infections / pathology
- Coronaviridae Infections / veterinary
- Cryptosporidiosis / complications
- Cryptosporidiosis / pathology
- Feces / microbiology
- Feces / parasitology
- Horse Diseases / etiology
- Horse Diseases / pathology
- Horses
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / complications
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / etiology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / pathology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / veterinary
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / complications
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / pathology
- Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / veterinary
- Intestine, Small / microbiology
- Intestine, Small / parasitology
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / microbiology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / parasitology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / pathology
- Respiratory Tract Diseases / veterinary
Grant Funding
- Wellcome Trust
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Wang Y, Li X, Chen X, Kulyar MF, Duan K, Li H, Bhutta ZA, Wu Y, Li K. Gut Fungal Microbiome Responses to Natural Cryptosporidium Infection in Horses. Front Microbiol 2022;13:877280.
- Korath ADJ, Janda J, Untersmayr E, Sokolowska M, Feleszko W, Agache I, Adel Seida A, Hartmann K, Jensen-Jarolim E, Pali-Schöll I. One Health: EAACI Position Paper on coronaviruses at the human-animal interface, with a specific focus on comparative and zoonotic aspects of SARS-CoV-2. Allergy 2022 Jan;77(1):55-71.
- McCLURE JT, Lunn DP, McGUIRK SM. Combined immunodeficiency in 3 foals. Equine Vet Educ 1993 Feb;5(1):14-18.
- Zhao S, Smits C, Schuurman N, Barnum S, Pusterla N, Kuppeveld FV, Bosch BJ, Maanen KV, Egberink H. Development and Validation of a S1 Protein-Based ELISA for the Specific Detection of Antibodies against Equine Coronavirus. Viruses 2019 Nov 30;11(12).
- Oue Y, Ishihara R, Edamatsu H, Morita Y, Yoshida M, Yoshima M, Hatama S, Murakami K, Kanno T. Isolation of an equine coronavirus from adult horses with pyrogenic and enteric disease and its antigenic and genomic characterization in comparison with the NC99 strain. Vet Microbiol 2011 May 12;150(1-2):41-8.
- Majewska AC, Solarczyk P, Tamang L, Graczyk TK. Equine Cryptosporidium parvum infections in western Poland. Parasitol Res 2004 Jul;93(4):274-8.
- Guy JS, Breslin JJ, Breuhaus B, Vivrette S, Smith LG. Characterization of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal. J Clin Microbiol 2000 Dec;38(12):4523-6.
- Olsen CW. A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus: molecular biology, immunopathogenesis, clinical aspects, and vaccination. Vet Microbiol 1993 Jul;36(1-2):1-37.
- Xiao L, Herd RP. Review of equine Cryptosporidium infection. Equine Vet J 1994 Jan;26(1):9-13.
- Bjorneby JM, Leach DR, Perryman LE. Persistent cryptosporidiosis in horses with severe combined immunodeficiency. Infect Immun 1991 Oct;59(10):3823-6.
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