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Home / Equine Research Bank / Influenza Other Respir Viruses / Concurrent vaccination against equine influenza and equine h...
Influenza and other respiratory viruses2016; 10(5); 433-437; doi: 10.1111/irv.12396

Concurrent vaccination against equine influenza and equine herpesvirus – a practical approach.

Abstract: There is a lack of information concerning concurrent administration of vaccines against equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 (EHV-1/4). The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of the concurrent use of EIV and EHV-1/4 vaccines in Thoroughbred racehorses on their humoral immune response to EIV. This study was carried out on a population of 30 horses using an inactivated whole-virus EIV vaccine and an inactivated EHV-1/4 vaccine. Horses were randomly allocated to vaccination group A or B. Horses in group A were vaccinated against EIV and EHV-1/4 2 weeks apart. Horses in group B were vaccinated against EIV and EHV-1/4 on the same day. Whole-blood samples were collected on the day of vaccination and 2 weeks and 6 weeks post-vaccination. Antibody levels against EIV and EHV-1/4 were measured using the single radial haemolysis and serum neutralisation test, respectively. The pattern of EIV antibody response post-vaccination was similar for both groups. Highest EIV antibody levels were recorded 2 weeks post-vaccination, and a significant decrease in antibody level was observed 4 weeks later. Horses in group B demonstrated a significantly higher EIV antibody response post-vaccination. Overall, there was no significant difference in EHV-1/4 antibody response between the two groups post-vaccination. In this study, concurrent vaccination against EIV and EHV-1/4 increased the response to EIV and did not compromise the humoral immune response to EHV-1/4.
© 2016 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2016-07-02 PubMed ID: 27169603PubMed Central: PMC4947937DOI: 10.1111/irv.12396Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is focused on studying the impact of administering vaccines for equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine herpesvirus (EHV-1/4) concurrently on horses’ immune response. The study indicates that such concurrent vaccination improves the immune response to EIV and doesn’t negatively affect the response to EHV-1/4.

Methodology of the Study

  • The study was conducted on a sample population of 30 thoroughbred racehorses.
  • The researchers used inactivated whole-virus EIV vaccine and an inactivated EHV-1/4 vaccine for vaccination.
  • The horses were split into two groups, marked as A and B, through a random allocation process.
  • Group A horses were given EIV and EHV-1/4 vaccines 2 weeks apart, while Group B horses were given both vaccines on the same day.
  • Whole-blood samples were collected during vaccination and at post-vaccination intervals of 2 and 6 weeks to determine the efficacy.

Testing and Results

  • The antibody levels against EIV and EHV-1/4 were measured using the single radial haemolysis and serum neutralisation tests, respectively.
  • The pattern of EIV antibody response was noted to be similar for both groups of horses. Highest levels were recorded 2 weeks after vaccination, with a significant decrease 4 weeks later.
  • However, Group B horses showed a significantly higher EIV antibody response after vaccination.
  • There was no significant difference identified in EHV-1/4 antibody response between the two groups following vaccination.

Conclusions from the Study

  • The results indicated that concurrent vaccination for EIV and EHV-1/4 enhances the immune response to EIV.
  • Importantly, the concurrent administration of vaccines did not compromise the humoral immune response to EHV-1/4.
  • The results of this study could prompt a reconsideration of vaccination programmes and intervals for these two types of viruses in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Gildea S, Sanchez Higgins MJ, Johnson G, Walsh C, Cullinane A. (2016). Concurrent vaccination against equine influenza and equine herpesvirus – a practical approach. Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 10(5), 433-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12396

Publication

Influenza and other respiratory viruses
ISSN: 1750-2659
NlmUniqueID: 101304007
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 433-437

Researcher Affiliations

Gildea, Sarah
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Sanchez Higgins, Maria Jose
  • Hawkfield, Newbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Johnson, Gillian
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Walsh, Cathal
  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Cullinane, Ann
  • Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.

MeSH Terms

  • Acrylic Resins
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / isolation & purification
  • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / immunology
  • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / isolation & purification
  • Herpesvirus Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Herpesvirus Vaccines / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses / immunology
  • Immunity, Humoral
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
  • Influenza A virus / immunology
  • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
  • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
  • Random Allocation
  • Vaccination / methods
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology

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Citations

This article has been cited 6 times.
  1. Carnet F, Perrin-Cocon L, Paillot R, Lotteau V, Pronost S, Vidalain PO. An inventory of adjuvants used for vaccination in horses: the past, the present and the future.. Vet Res 2023 Mar 2;54(1):18.
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  2. Finger MA, Biava JS, Dornbusch PT, Perotta JH, Ullmann LS, Serpa PBDS, Kmetiuk LB, Dos Santos AP, Biondo AW, Leutenegger C, Filho IRB. Molecular detection of equid herpesvirus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asymptomatic horses in Southern Brazil.. Vet World 2022 Nov;15(11):2597-2602.
    doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2597-2602pubmed: 36590117google scholar: lookup
  3. Lee DH, Lee EB, Seo JP, Ko EJ. Evaluation of concurrent vaccinations with recombinant canarypox equine influenza virus and inactivated equine herpesvirus vaccines.. J Anim Sci Technol 2022 May;64(3):588-598.
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  4. Allkofer A, Garvey M, Ryan E, Lyons R, Ryan M, Lukaseviciute G, Walsh C, Venner M, Cullinane A. Primary vaccination in foals: a comparison of the serological response to equine influenza and equine herpesvirus vaccines administered concurrently or 2 weeks apart.. Arch Virol 2021 Feb;166(2):571-579.
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  5. Wilson A, Pinchbeck G, Dean R, McGowan C. Equine influenza vaccination in the UK: Current practices may leave horses with suboptimal immunity.. Equine Vet J 2021 Sep;53(5):1004-1014.
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  6. Singh RK, Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Khurana SK, Chakraborty S, Malik YS, Virmani N, Singh R, Tripathi BN, Munir M, van der Kolk JH. A Comprehensive Review on Equine Influenza Virus: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathobiology, Advances in Developing Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Control Strategies.. Front Microbiol 2018;9:1941.
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