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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Bacteriol / Conjugal transfer of a virulence plasmid in the opportunisti...
Journal of bacteriology2012; 194(24); 6790-6801; doi: 10.1128/JB.01210-12

Conjugal transfer of a virulence plasmid in the opportunistic intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi.

Abstract: Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular, Gram-positive, soilborne actinomycete which can cause severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia with abscessation in young horses (foals) and in immunocompromised people, such as persons with AIDS. All strains of R. equi isolated from foals and approximately a third isolated from humans contain a large, ~81-kb plasmid which is essential for the intramacrophage growth of the organism and for virulence in foals and murine in vivo model systems. We found that the entire virulence plasmid could be transferred from plasmid-containing strains of R. equi (donor) to plasmid-free R. equi strains (recipient) at a high frequency and that plasmid transmission reestablished the capacity for intracellular growth in macrophages. Plasmid transfer required living cells and cell-to-cell contact and was unaffected by the presence of DNase, factors pointing to conjugation as the major means of genetic transfer. Deletion of a putative relaxase-encoding gene, traA, located in the proposed conjugative region of the plasmid, abolished plasmid transfer. Reversion of the traA mutation restored plasmid transmissibility. Finally, plasmid transmission to other Rhodococcus species and some additional related organisms was demonstrated. This is the first study showing a virulence plasmid transfer in R. equi, and it establishes a mechanism by which the virulence plasmid can move among bacteria in the soil.
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Publication Date: 2012-10-05 PubMed ID: 23042997PubMed Central: PMC3510604DOI: 10.1128/JB.01210-12Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article demonstrates how the virulence plasmid, an essential genetic element in Rhodococcus equi bacteria strain responsible for causing pyogranulomatous pneumonia, can be transferred to other bacteria in the soil, which then acquire the ability to infect and proliferate within host cells.

Research Goal and Context

  • The researchers aimed at investigating the mechanism through which the virulence plasmid in Rhodococcus equi, a soil-based bacteria known to cause serious lung infections in young horses and immunocompromised humans, can be transmitted among bacteria strains in the soil.
  • Rhodococcus equi contains a large 81-kb plasmid, a circular piece of DNA, that plays a critical role in the bacterium’s ability to grow within host cells (intramacrophage growth) and showing its virulence. The researchers hypothesized that this plasmid could be transferred from one bacterial strain to another through a process known as conjugation, thereby spreading its virulence trait across strains.

Key Findings

  • The researchers found that the entire virulence plasmid could be easily transferred from plasmid-containing Rhodococcus equi strains to plasmid-free strains. This transfer restored the recipient strain’s ability to grow within host cells (macrophages).
  • The transfer of plasmid required living cells and direct cell-to-cell contact. It remained unaffected by the presence of DNase, an enzyme that breaks down DNA. These features suggested that the major transfer mechanism was through conjugation.
  • When the researchers deleted a probable relaxase-encoding gene called traA from the plasmid, the plasmid’s ability to transfer was abolished, indicating the critical role of this gene in the conjugation process. When the traA mutation was reversed, the plasmid regained its transferable property.
  • The team was also able to show that the virulence plasmid could be transferred to other Rhodococcus species and some additional related organisms.

Significance

  • The study is the first to show the transfer of a virulence plasmid in Rhodococcus equi, providing insights into how the bacteria can propagate its disease-causing characteristics among different strains present in the soil.
  • The discovery of this transfer mechanism opens up new areas of investigation in understanding how soil-based bacteria evolve and adapt to host environments and can aid in developing strategies to prevent the spread of disease-causing traits among bacteria.

Cite This Article

APA
Tripathi VN, Harding WC, Willingham-Lane JM, Hondalus MK. (2012). Conjugal transfer of a virulence plasmid in the opportunistic intracellular actinomycete Rhodococcus equi. J Bacteriol, 194(24), 6790-6801. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.01210-12

Publication

Journal of bacteriology
ISSN: 1098-5530
NlmUniqueID: 2985120R
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 194
Issue: 24
Pages: 6790-6801

Researcher Affiliations

Tripathi, V N
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Harding, W C
    Willingham-Lane, J M
      Hondalus, M K

        MeSH Terms

        • Actinomycetales Infections / microbiology
        • Actinomycetales Infections / pathology
        • Actinomycetales Infections / veterinary
        • Animals
        • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
        • Conjugation, Genetic
        • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
        • Deoxyribonucleases / metabolism
        • Gene Transfer, Horizontal
        • Horse Diseases / microbiology
        • Horses
        • Macrophages / microbiology
        • Plasmids / genetics
        • Rhodococcus equi / genetics
        • Rhodococcus equi / pathogenicity
        • Sequence Analysis, DNA

        Grant Funding

        • R01 AI060469 / NIAID NIH HHS

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