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Home / Equine Research Bank / Cartilage / Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography in Evaluation of...
Cartilage2012; 3(3); 235-244; doi: 10.1177/1947603511424173

Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Spontaneous Repair of Equine Cartilage.

Abstract: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) has been introduced for the evaluation of cartilage integrity. Furthermore, CECT enables imaging of the structure and density of subchondral bone. In this laboratory study, we investigate the potential of microCECT to simultaneously image cartilage and subchondral bone for the evaluation of tissue healing. Methods: Osteochondral lesions (Ø = 6 mm) were surgically created in equine intercarpal joints (n = 7). After spontaneous healing for 12 months, the horses were sacrificed and osteochondral plugs (Ø = 14 mm), including the repair cartilage and adjacent intact tissue, were harvested. The nonfibrillar and fibrillar moduli and the permeability of cartilage were determined using indentation testing. Contrast agent diffusion into the samples was imaged for 36 hours using high-resolution CT. Results from CECT, mechanical testing, and microscopic analyses were compared and correlated. Results: The contrast agent diffusion coefficient showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference between the repair and adjacent intact tissue. MicroCECT revealed altered (P < 0.05) bone volume fraction, mineral density, and microstructure of subchondral bone at the repair site. The contrast agent diffusion coefficient correlated with the moduli of the nonfibrillar matrix (R = -0.662, P = 0.010), collagen fibril parallelism index (R = -0.588, P = 0.035), and glycosaminoglycan content (R = -0.503, P = 0.067). The repair cartilage was mechanically and structurally different from adjacent intact tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusions: MicroCECT enabled simultaneous quantitative evaluation of subchondral bone and monitoring of cartilage repair, distinguishing quantitatively the repair site from the adjacent intact tissue. As the only technique able to simultaneously image cartilage and determine subchondral bone mineral density and microstructure, CECT has potential clinical value.
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Publication Date: 2012-07-01 PubMed ID: 26069636PubMed Central: PMC4297117DOI: 10.1177/1947603511424173Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper explores the use of contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (microCECT) in monitoring the spontaneous healing of equine cartilage and the potential ability of the technology to image cartilage and subchondral bone simultaneously. Revealed changes in bone volume, mineral density, and microstructure of subchondral bone at the repair site indicate its possible clinical application.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers manually created osteochondral lesions in equine intercarpal joints. They then allowed these lesions to heal spontaneously over 12 months before harvesting osteochondral plugs containing both the repair cartilage and adjoining intact tissue.
  • They measured cartilage permeability and the nonfibrillar and fibrillar moduli using indentation testing. Indentation testing is a method used to assess the mechanical properties of a material.
  • They then imaged the diffusion of the contrast agent into the samples over 36 hours, using high-resolution contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).
  • The researchers compared and correlated the results derived from the CECT imaging, mechanical testing, and microscopic analysis methods.

Findings of the Study

  • A significant difference was observed in the contrast agent diffusion coefficient between the repair cartilage and the adjacent intact tissue.
  • MicroCECT revealed a significant change in bone volume fraction, mineral density, and bone microstructure at the repair site.
  • Observed correlations included; the contrast agent diffusion coefficient with the collagen fibril parallelism index, moduli of the nonfibrillar matrix, and glycosaminoglycan content. The measurements of these molecular components provide insights into the health of the cartilage.
  • Notably, the repair cartilage was distinguishably different, both mechanically and structurally, when compared to the adjacent intact tissue.

Conclusion and Implications

  • The study concluded that MicroCECT is able to offer a simultaneous quantitative evaluation of subchondral bone and monitoring of cartilage repair.
  • It has the unique ability to image cartilage and determine subchondral bone mineral density and microstructure at the same time, suggesting its potential clinical value in monitoring and evaluating cartilage repair, especially in equine veterinary medicine.

Cite This Article

APA
Kulmala KA, Pulkkinen HJ, Rieppo L, Tiitu V, Kiviranta I, Brünott A, Brommer H, van Weeren R, Brama PA, Mikkola MT, Korhonen RK, Jurvelin JS, Töyräs J. (2012). Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Spontaneous Repair of Equine Cartilage. Cartilage, 3(3), 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1947603511424173

Publication

Cartilage
ISSN: 1947-6035
NlmUniqueID: 101518378
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Pages: 235-244

Researcher Affiliations

Kulmala, K A M
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Pulkkinen, H J
  • Department of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Rieppo, L
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Tiitu, V
  • Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; SIB-labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Kiviranta, I
  • Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Brünott, A
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Brommer, H
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
van Weeren, R
  • Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Brama, P A J
  • Section of Veterinary Clinical Studies, School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Mikkola, M T
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Korhonen, R K
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Jurvelin, J S
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Töyräs, J
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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