FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Animal reproduction science2021; 246; 106822; doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106822

Cooled storage of semen from livestock animals (part I): boar, bull, and stallion.

Abstract: This review is part of the Festschrift in honor of Dr. Duane Garner and provides an overview of current techniques for cooled storage of semen from livestock animals. The first part describes the current state of the art of liquid semen preservation in boars, bulls, and stallions, including the diluents, use of additives, processing, temperature, and cooling of semen. The species-specific physiology and varying extents of cold shock sensitivity are taken into consideration. In addition, factors influencing the quality of cooled-stored semen are discussed. Methods, trends, and the most recent advances for improving sperm quality during cold-temperature storage are highlighted and their respective advantages and disadvantages are contrasted. There has been much progress in recent years regarding cold-temperature storage of boar sperm and there is great potential for a large-scale use to replace the current 17 °C temperature storage regime and the associated use of antibiotics in the future. For stallion sperm, there is an opposite trend away from previous low-temperature storage towards storage at higher temperatures to increase sperm viability and longevity. In bulls, liquid storage of sperm is mostly used in the seasonal dairy production systems of New Zealand and Ireland, but with further research focusing on shelf-live elongation of liquid preserved sperm, there is potential for an application in breeding programs worldwide.
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-08-12 PubMed ID: 34400028DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106822Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Review
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article provides an overview of the current techniques for cooled storage of semen from boars, bulls, and stallions, aiming to improve sperm quality during cold-temperature storage.

Current Techniques for Cooled Storage

  • The article begins by offering an insight into the state-of-the-art techniques for liquid semen preservation in livestock animals such as boars, bulls, and stallions. Various elements factor into the process including diluents, use of additives, processing, temperature, and cooling of semen.
  • These techniques take into account the species-specific physiology and varying extents of cold shock sensitivity. Cold shock sensitivity refers to the damage that sperm might incur due to sudden temperature changes.

Factors Influencing Semen Quality During Cooled-Storage

  • The article also factors in influences that might affect the quality of cooled-stored semen. Factors influencing the quality could be varying from species to species.
  • It emphasizes that understanding these factors is key to developing effective strategies for semen preservation and eventual use in animal breeding.

Recent Advances and Trends

  • The paper provides information on the recent advances and trends in improving sperm quality during cold-temperature storage. It highlights the novel methods and trends, contrasting the advantages and disadvantages related to each one.
  • For instance, there has been progress in cold-temperature storage of boar sperm with potential for large-scale use to substitute the current 17 °C temperature storage regime. This could significantly reduce the use of antibiotics, potentially making the process more sustainable and cost-efficient.

Potential Application in Breeding Programs

  • The paper states that for stallion sperm, there is a trend away from previous low-temperature storage towards storage at higher temperatures to increase sperm viability and longevity. This implies that different storage strategies might be more appropriate for specific species.
  • Finally, in bulls, liquid storage of sperm is mostly used in the seasonal dairy production systems of New Zealand and Ireland. However, there is potential for a wider application in breeding programs worldwide, especially with further research focusing on shelf-live elongation of liquid preserved sperm.

Cite This Article

APA
Wiebke M, Hensel B, Nitsche-Melkus E, Jung M, Schulze M. (2021). Cooled storage of semen from livestock animals (part I): boar, bull, and stallion. Anim Reprod Sci, 246, 106822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106822

Publication

Animal reproduction science
ISSN: 1873-2232
NlmUniqueID: 7807205
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 246
Pages: 106822
PII: S0378-4320(21)00137-8

Researcher Affiliations

Wiebke, M
  • Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany.
Hensel, B
  • Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany.
Nitsche-Melkus, E
  • Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany.
Jung, M
  • Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany.
Schulze, M
  • Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany. Electronic address: m.schulze@ifn-schoenow.de.

MeSH Terms

  • Male
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Swine
  • Cattle
  • Semen / physiology
  • Livestock
  • Semen Preservation / veterinary
  • Semen Preservation / methods
  • Semen Analysis / veterinary
  • Spermatozoa / physiology
  • Sperm Motility

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Citations

This article has been cited 17 times.
  1. Luongo C, Llamas-López PJ, Garrappa G, Rodríguez-Tobón E, Grudzinska P, García-Vázquez FA. Impact of inclusion of post-spermatic ejaculate fraction in boar seminal doses on sperm metabolism, quality, and interaction with uterine fluid. Sci Rep 2023 Sep 14;13(1):15258.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42254-3pubmed: 37709904google scholar: lookup
  2. Contreras MJ, Núñez-Montero K, Bruna P, García M, Leal K, Barrientos L, Weber H. Bacteria and Boar Semen Storage: Progress and Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Dec 10;11(12).
    doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11121796pubmed: 36551453google scholar: lookup
  3. Balogun KB, Nicholls G, Sokunbi OA, Stewart KR. Cryoprotectant effects of natural honey on spermatozoa quality of pre-freezing and frozen-thawed boar semen. J Anim Sci 2023 Jan 3;101.
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skac384pubmed: 36409528google scholar: lookup
  4. Ciornei ȘG, Drugociu D, Roşca P. Candida Genus Maximum Incidence in Boar Semen Even after Preservation, Is It Not a Risk for AI though?. Molecules 2022 Nov 3;27(21).
    doi: 10.3390/molecules27217539pubmed: 36364363google scholar: lookup
  5. Cheng Q, Li L, Jiang M, Liu B, Xian Y, Liu S, Liu X, Zhao W, Li F. Extend the Survival of Human Sperm In Vitro in Non-Freezing Conditions: Damage Mechanisms, Preservation Technologies, and Clinical Applications. Cells 2022 Sep 12;11(18).
    doi: 10.3390/cells11182845pubmed: 36139420google scholar: lookup
  6. Luongo C, Llamas-López PJ, Hernández-Caravaca I, Matás C, García-Vázquez FA. Should All Fractions of the Boar Ejaculate Be Prepared for Insemination Rather Than Using the Sperm Rich Only?. Biology (Basel) 2022 Jan 28;11(2).
    doi: 10.3390/biology11020210pubmed: 35205077google scholar: lookup
  7. Ullah A, Chen W, Shi L, Wang M, Geng M, Na J, Akhtar MF, Khan MZ, Wang C. Challenges and Enhancing Strategies of Equine Semen Preservation: Nutritional and Genetic Perspectives. Vet Sci 2025 Aug 25;12(9).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090807pubmed: 41012733google scholar: lookup
  8. Alam ME, Yeasmin MS, Das DK, Islam MS, Ahmed S, Islam MH, Islam MA, Kamal MM, Kabir A, Khan A, Haque MH, Masum MA, Rahman M, Moni MIZ. Comparative study of the glucose and trehalose addition on the extenders for goat sperm liquid storage. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2025 Mar;12(1):287-296.
    doi: 10.5455/javar.2025.l895pubmed: 40568510google scholar: lookup
  9. Wysokińska A. Animal Reproduction: Semen Quality Assessment, Volume II. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 1;15(5).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15050709pubmed: 40075992google scholar: lookup
  10. Kameni SL, Semon B, Chen LD, Dlamini NH, Ariunbold GO, Vance-Kouba CK, Feugang JM. Predicting Boar Sperm Survival during Liquid Storage Using Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques. Biology (Basel) 2024 Sep 26;13(10).
    doi: 10.3390/biology13100763pubmed: 39452072google scholar: lookup
  11. Hallberg I, Morrell JM, Malaluang P, Johannisson A, Sjunnesson Y, Laskowski D. Sperm quality and in vitro fertilizing ability of boar spermatozoa stored at 4 °C versus conventional storage for 1 week. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1444550.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1444550pubmed: 39376925google scholar: lookup
  12. Halo M Jr, Tirpák F, Massányi M, Dianová L, Lenický M, Slanina T, Zemanová J, Matušková A, Greń A, Halo M, Massányi P. Calcium affects stallion spermatozoa parameters in different incubation temperatures. Heliyon 2024 Aug 30;10(16):e35879.
    doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35879pubmed: 39220990google scholar: lookup
  13. Mikkola M, Desmet KLJ, Kommisrud E, Riegler MA. Recent advancements to increase success in assisted reproductive technologies in cattle. Anim Reprod 2024;21(3):e20240031.
    doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0031pubmed: 39176005google scholar: lookup
  14. Kameni SL, Dlamini NH, Feugang JM. Exploring the full potential of sperm function with nanotechnology tools. Anim Reprod 2024;21(3):e20240033.
    doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0033pubmed: 39176004google scholar: lookup
  15. Zhang L, Wang X, Jiang C, Sun Y, Sohail T, Sun X, Wang J, Li Y. Effect of fumigation height and time on cryopreservation of ram semen. Sci Rep 2024 May 13;14(1):10944.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61947-xpubmed: 38740828google scholar: lookup
  16. Sushadi PS, Kuwabara M, Maung EEW, Mohamad Mohtar MS, Sakamoto K, Selvaraj V, Asano A. Arresting calcium-regulated sperm metabolic dynamics enables prolonged fertility in poultry liquid semen storage. Sci Rep 2023 Dec 8;13(1):21775.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48550-2pubmed: 38066036google scholar: lookup
  17. Song C, Chang L, Wang B, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Dou Y, Qi K, Yang F, Li X, Li X, Wang K, Qiao R, Han X. Seminal plasma metabolomics analysis of differences in liquid preservation ability of boar sperm. J Anim Sci 2023 Jan 3;101.
    doi: 10.1093/jas/skad392pubmed: 38006391google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.