Corneal ulcers in horses.

The research deals with the diagnosis and treatment of corneal ulcers in horses, a common issue. This includes conducting a complete ophthalmic examination along with other tests and the usage of antibiotics and systemic NSAIDs for treating all corneal ulcers. The study highlights the need for particular therapies if keratomalacia or fungal infection is observed.

Objective diagnosis of Corneal Ulcers

• The article begins by indicating that the diagnosis of corneal ulcers is a regular task for equine veterinarians. The diagnosis process involves a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, which would help detect any abnormalities or changes in the equine eye.
• Several other tests are prescribed alongside, such as fluorescein staining (for detecting epithelial defects), corneal cytology (for studying cell types and their organization in the cornea), and corneal bacterial and fungal culture and sensitivity testing (for identifying any existing infection and assessing its sensitivity to drugs). These tests equip the veterinarians with a complete understanding of the ulcer’s nature and underlying causes.

Therapeutic approach to Corneal Ulcers

• After diagnosis, the treatment commences, typically involving topical antibiotics for direct application on the ulcer and systemic Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) for managing pain and inflammation. These measures are common for all diagnosed corneal ulcers, irrespective of their unique diagnosing factors.
• The study indicates that if a condition referred to as keratomalacia (or corneal melting) is observed, anticollagenase/antiprotease therapy is crucial. This treatment can involve the use of autologous serum, which is derived from the patient’s blood, believed to promote healing.
• If a fungal infection is suspected in the corneal ulcer, the article stresses on the necessity of antifungal therapies. These therapies aim to eliminate the responsible fungi and restore health to the cornea.

Additional Treatment Options

• For convenient, frequent, and potentially long-term therapy, Subpalpebral lavage systems are suggested. This method allows the application of medication to the horse’s eye easily and frequently, without causing distress to the animal.
• If the integrity of the globe (or the eyeball) is threatened or if no improvement is observed after the initial therapy, the study suggests considering referral corneal surgeries. These surgeries could help in salvaging the equine’s eye and restoring its sight.

The research stresses an individualized and comprehensive approach towards the diagnosis, treatment, and if required, surgical processes, keeping in mind the potential complications and the ultimate goal of restoring the horse’s eye health.