Cross-reactivity of Japanese encephalitis virus-vaccinated horse sera in serodiagnosis of West Nile virus.
Abstract: Flavivirus-infected sera are known to show cross-reactions in serodiagnoses of heterologous flavivirus infections. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic in Asia and, in Japan, many horses are vaccinated against JEV. However, the cross-reactivity level of JEV-vaccinated horse sera in the serodiagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) has not been clarified. The antibody cross-reactivity of JEV-vaccinated horse sera in WNV serological tests, such as the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), IgG indirect ELISA (IgG-ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, was examined. All JEV-vaccinated horse sera were positive for JEV antibodies with JEV PRNT at both 90% and 50% plaque reductions. In WNV PRNT, 16.7% of the horses were positive at 90% plaque reduction, and 50% of the horses were positive at 50% plaque reduction. All the JEV-vaccinated horse sera showed positive-to-negative (P/N) ratios of over 2.0 with JEV IgG-ELISA, and half of them had P/N ratios of over 2.0 with WNV IgG-ELISA. There was little difference between the JEV HI and WNV HI titers in individual horses. These results indicate that in serosurveillance of WNV, JEV-vaccinated horses can produce false-positive results in WNV IgG-ELISA, HI and PRNT.
Publication Date: 2009-12-08 PubMed ID: 19996564DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0311Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study examines the level of cross-reactivity in horses vaccinated against the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) during the serodiagnosis of the West Nile virus (WNV). It found that horses that received the JEV vaccine can produce false-positive results in tests meant to identify the presence of WNV.
Research Methodology
- The researchers used sera taken from horses that had been vaccinated against JEV. This vaccination is commonly used in areas where JEV is endemic, such as Japan.
- The researchers examined the cross-reactivity of these horse sera using three different testing methods for WNV – the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT), IgG indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (IgG-ELISA) and the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test.
Research Findings
- JEV-vaccinated horse sera tested positive for JEV antibodies in both 90% and 50% plaque reductions in the PRNT test.
- In the WNV PRNT test, 16.7% of horses tested positive at 90% plaque reduction and 50% of horses tested positive at 50% plaque reduction.
- All the JEV-vaccinated horse sera showed a positive-to-negative (P/N) ratio of over 2.0 with JEV IgG-ELISA. Half of these sera had a P/N ratio of over 2.0 with WNV IgG-ELISA.
- There was minimal difference between JEV HI and WNV HI titers in individual horses.
- Overall, the research showed that JEV-vaccinated horses can produce false-positive results in WNV IgG-ELISA, HI, and PRNT tests.
Implication of the Study
- This research indicates a need to reconsider the use of these diagnostic tests in horses vaccinated against JEV when trying to diagnose WNV. False-positive results can lead to incorrect treatment or unnecessary usage of resources.
- The study suggests that serosurveillance of WNV needs to be approached with a clear understanding of the cross-reactivity level of JEV-vaccinated horse sera.
Cite This Article
APA
Hirota J, Nishi H, Matsuda H, Tsunemitsu H, Shimiz S.
(2009).
Cross-reactivity of Japanese encephalitis virus-vaccinated horse sera in serodiagnosis of West Nile virus.
J Vet Med Sci, 72(3), 369-372.
https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.09-0311 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Research Team for Advanced Biologicals, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cross Reactions
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- False Positive Reactions
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Horse Diseases / blood
- Horse Diseases / immunology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Immunoglobulin G / blood
- Immunologic Surveillance
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / immunology
- Serologic Tests
- Viral Plaque Assay / veterinary
- West Nile Fever / blood
- West Nile Fever / immunology
- West Nile Fever / veterinary
- West Nile virus / immunology
Citations
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