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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Anim Sci Biotechnol / Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem c...
Journal of animal science and biotechnology2013; 4(1); 40; doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-40

Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts.

Abstract: The use of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) is a novel method to improve fracture healing in horses. However, additional research is needed to identify optimal culture conditions and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The objectives of the experiments were to determine: 1) if autologous or commercial serum is better for proliferation and differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts, and 2) the expression of key transcription factors during the differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. Equine BMSC were isolated from the sterna of 3 horses, treated with purchased fetal bovine serum (FBS) or autologous horse serum (HS), and cell proliferation determined. To induce osteoblast differentiation, cells were incubated with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate in the presence or absence of human bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2), dexamethasone (DEX), or combination of the two. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, was determined by ELISA. Total RNA was isolated from differentiating BMSC between d 0 to 18 to determine expression of runt-related transcription factor2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), and T-box3 (Tbx3). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: Relative to control, FBS and HS increased cell number (133 ± 5 and 116 ± 5%, respectively; P < 0.001) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation (167 ± 6 and 120 ± 6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Treatment with DEX increased ALP activity compared with control (1,638 ± 38%; P  0.8). Runt-related transcription factor2 expression increased 3-fold (P < 0.001) by d 6 of culture. Osterix expression increased 9-fold (P < 0.05) by d 18 of culture. Expression of Tbx3 increased 1.8-fold at d 3 (P < 0.01); however expression was reduced 4-fold at d 18 (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Dexamethasone, but not BMP-2, is required for differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. In addition, expression of Runx2 and osterix increased and expression of Tbx3 is reduced during differentiation.
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Publication Date: 2013-10-29 PubMed ID: 24169030PubMed Central: PMC3874597DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-40Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explored the optimal conditions for growing equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and their transformation into osteoblasts, cells that aid bone regeneration. The research compared the use of autologous and commercial serum for cell growth, and the role of crucial transcription factors during the transformation process. The study concluded that dexamethasone catalysed the cells’ transformation into osteoblasts rather than a bone protein named BMP-2, with the expression levels of transcription factors Runx2 and osterix increasing and Tbx3 reducing during the transformation.

The Culture Conditions

  • The researchers used equine BMSCs taken from the sternum of three horses. The cell cultures were treated with either commercially purchased fetal bovine serum (FBS) or autologous horse serum (HS).
  • The proliferation of the cells in the two serum types was compared. Proliferation is the process by which cells divide and multiply.
  • The purpose was to identify which type of serum was better for the growth and differentiation (transformation) of equine BMSCs into osteoblasts.

Osteoblast Transformation Process

  • To initiate osteoblast differentiation, the cells were treated with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate. They also received either human bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2), dexamethasone (DEX), or a combination of both.
  • They measured the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a known marker of osteoblast differentiation, using an ELISA test.

Role of Transcription Factors

  • The level of transcription factors was tracked throughout the transformation process to monitor their role in the process. The transcription factors investigated were Runx2, Osterix (Osx), and T-box3 (Tbx3).
  • RNA was extracted from the cells at various stages of the differentiation process to determine the expression levels of these transcription factors.

Findings and Conclusion

  • The researchers found that both FBS and HS increased cell number and BrdU (a thymidine analog that gets incorporated into newly synthesized DNA molecules) incorporation significantly compared to the control.
  • DEX treatment increased ALP activity substantially compared to the control, but BMP-2 did not.
  • Expression of Runx2 increased three-fold by day six, Osx expression increased nine-fold by day 18, and Tbx3 expression initially increased 1.8-fold at day 3 but reduced four-fold by day 18.
  • The study concluded that dexamethasone was necessary for equine BMSC transformation into osteoblasts but not BMP-2.
  • Additionally, the expression of transcription factors Runx2 and osterix increased while Tbx3 decreased during the differentiation process.

Cite This Article

APA
Glynn ER, Londono AS, Zinn SA, Hoagland TA, Govoni KE. (2013). Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 4(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-4-40

Publication

Journal of animal science and biotechnology
ISSN: 1674-9782
NlmUniqueID: 101581293
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 40

Researcher Affiliations

Glynn, Elizabeth R A
    Londono, Alfredo Sanchez
      Zinn, Steven A
        Hoagland, Thomas A
          Govoni, Kristen E
          • Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, 3636 Horsebarn Road Ext,, Unit 4040, Storrs, CT 06269-4040, USA. kristen.govoni@uconn.edu.

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