Decreased strongyle egg re-appearance period after treatment with ivermectin and moxidectin in horses in Belgium, Italy and The Netherlands.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an oral treatment with ivermectin (IVM) or moxidectin (MOX) against gastro-intestinal strongyles in naturally infected horses by performing a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and by monitoring the egg reappearance period (ERP) after treatment. Therefore, a field efficacy study with a randomised complete block design for each study site was conducted, with the individual animal as the experimental unit. At least 10 study sites in Italy, Belgium and The Netherlands were selected and animals were allocated to one of the two treatment groups based on the pre-treatment faecal egg counts (FEC). Animals were treated on Day 0 with an oral paste containing either IVM (at 0.2mg/kg bodyweight) or MOX (at 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight). After treatment, faecal samples were collected at least every fortnight during 56 days after treatment with IVM and during 84 days after MOX treatment. In total, 320 horses on 32 farms were examined. The FECRT on Day 14 indicated a 100% efficacy in 59 of the 64 treatment groups and >92% efficacy in the remaining 5 groups. The ERP was decreased for at least one of the anthelmintics on 17 out of 32 study sites (15 sites or 47% for MOX and 17 sites or 53% for IVM) and on 9 sites (28%) the ERP was decreased for both anthelmintics. On some of these study sites the efficacy declined at the end of the expected ERP, often with good efficacy 2 weeks earlier. Nevertheless, on 1, 3 and 5 study sites in Italy, Belgium and The Netherlands respectively, an efficacy below 90% for IVM and MOX was identified as soon as Day 42 or Day 56. In The Netherlands, the efficacy of IVM was below 90% from Day 28 or Day 35 after treatment on 1 site each. The present study reports a high efficacy of MOX and IVM in a FECRT 14 days after treatment, yet does indicate a shortened ERP for these treatments in more than half of the selected study sites.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2014-04-26 PubMed ID: 24880643DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research is focused on studying the effectiveness of two drugs, ivermectin and moxidectin, on treating digestive system parasites in horses. The study shows a high efficacy in reducing the faecal egg count for both drugs. However, the study also reveals a reduction in the egg reappearance period after treatment in more than half of the study sites.
Explanation of the Study
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX), two anthelmintics, in treating gastro-intestinal strongyles (a type of roundworm) in horses. This was measured by:
- Performing a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to assess the decrease in parasite eggs after treatment
- Monitoring the egg reappearance period (ERP), defining how long it takes for the eggs to reappear in the faecal matter after treatment
This was a field efficacy study, conducted in Belgium, Italy, and The Netherlands with a randomized complete block design at each study site.
The Horses were divided into two groups based on their initial faecal egg counts (FEC). They were then treated with either IVM or MOX. Post-treatment, faecal samples were collected from the horses regularly for different durations based on the treatment they received—56 days for IVM and 84 days for MOX.
Findings of the Study
The research encompassed 320 horses across 32 farms. Two weeks after administering the drugs, the FECRT showed a 100% reduction in 59 out of the 64 treatment groups, and more than 92% efficacy in the remaining five.
However, the research also found that the ERP was shortened in at least one of the treatments in 17 of the 32 study sites. On 9 of those sites, both drugs resulted in a decreased ERP. In certain locations where a decrease in ERP was recorded, there was also a drop in efficacy at the end of the expected ERP.
The study also found cases where the efficacy of the drugs was below 90% as soon as the 42nd or 56th day after treatment.
Summary of Findings
Though the study demonstrated a high efficacy of MOX and IVM in a faecal egg count reduction test 14 days after treatment, it also pointed out a shortened egg reappearance period at more than half of the selected study sites. This implies that while these treatments may be highly effective in terms of initial parasite clearance, their long-term effectiveness might be compromised. The study’s revelations about these drugs’ shortened ERP could have implications for how they are used in veterinary practice for parasite control in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Geurden T, van Doorn D, Claerebout E, Kooyman F, De Keersmaecker S, Vercruysse J, Besognet B, Vanimisetti B, di Regalbono AF, Beraldo P, Di Cesare A, Traversa D.
(2014).
Decreased strongyle egg re-appearance period after treatment with ivermectin and moxidectin in horses in Belgium, Italy and The Netherlands.
Vet Parasitol, 204(3-4), 291-296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Zoetis, Mercuriuslaan 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium. Electronic address: thomasgeurden@yahoo.com.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Zoetis, Mercuriuslaan 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Zoetis, Mercuriuslaan 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium.
- Zoetis, Mercuriuslaan 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium.
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Piazza A. Moro 45, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
- Belgium / epidemiology
- Feces / parasitology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horses
- Italy / epidemiology
- Ivermectin / therapeutic use
- Macrolides / therapeutic use
- Netherlands / epidemiology
- Parasite Egg Count / veterinary
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / drug therapy
- Strongyle Infections, Equine / epidemiology
Citations
This article has been cited 17 times.- Bull KE, Allen KJ, Hodgkinson JE, Peachey LE. The first report of macrocyclic lactone resistant cyathostomins in the UK.. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2023 Apr;21:125-130.
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- Baranova MV, Panova OA, Polukhina DN, Panova DS. Reduction of the nematode egg reappearance period in horses after anthelmintic therapy.. Vet World 2022 Jun;15(6):1530-1534.
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