Detection and isolation of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 from horses in Normandy: an autopsy study of tissue distribution in relation to vaccination status.
Abstract: Equine herpesviruses type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) are ubiquitous in the equine population. One of their main properties is their ability to establish life-long latent infections in their hosts even in those with natural or vaccine-induced immunity. However, effect of vaccination status on prevalence and tissue tropism was not established. In this study, EHV-1 and EHV-4 were detected by polymerase chain reaction and by classical virus isolation from neural, epithelial and lymphoid tissues collected from unvaccinated (33) or vaccinated (23) horses. The percentage of EHV-1- and EHV-4-positive horses between vaccinates and unvaccinates was similar. Both viruses were detected in all tissues of both groups; in particular, lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract, nasal epithelium and nervous ganglia [i.e. trigeminal ganglia (TG)], which represent the main positive sites for EHV-1 and EHV-4. In vaccinated animals, the nervous ganglia (i.e. TG) were less frequently positive than in unvaccinated animals. Detection of positive TG was strongly correlated to the presence of EHV-1 in nasal epithelium.
Publication Date: 2002-11-27 PubMed ID: 12449249DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00590.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This study investigates the distribution of equine herpesviruses type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) in horses in Normandy, and how this distribution relates to the vaccination status of the animals. The researchers found that vaccination did not significantly affect the prevalence of the viruses, but it did alter which tissues were most likely to be infected.
Background
- The equine herpesviruses type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) are widespread among horses.
- The viruses can create latent infections that last the lifetime of the horse, regardless of whether the animal has natural immunity or has been vaccinated against the viruses.
- However, prior to this study, the effect of vaccination on the prevalence of the viruses and which tissues they inhabit was not known.
Study methodology
- EHV-1 and EHV-4 were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), an established method for detecting genetic material from specific organisms, and classical virus isolation from various tissues taken from both unvaccinated and vaccinated horses.
- The tissues examined included neural, epithelial and lymphoid tissues.
Study findings
- The research found that the percentage of horses testing positive for EHV-1 and EHV-4 was similar among both vaccinated and unvaccinated horses.
- Both viruses were detectable in all types of tissue from both groups of horses.
- The main sites where EHV-1 and EHV-4 were located included the lymph nodes that drain the respiratory tract, the nasal epithelium, and nervous ganglia such as the trigeminal ganglia.
- In the group of vaccinated horses, the trigeminal ganglia were less frequently infected than in the group of unvaccinated horses.
- There was a strong correlation between detection of EHV-1 in the nasal epithelium and positive trigeminal ganglia.
Implications
- This study suggests that while vaccination may not significantly alter the overall prevalence of EHV-1 and EHV-4, it may influence the tissue distribution of these viruses, with vaccinated animals less likely to have the viruses in their nervous ganglia.
Cite This Article
APA
Taouji S, Collobert C, Gicquel B, Sailleau C, Brisseau N, Moussu C, Breuil MF, Pronost S, Borchers K, Zientara S.
(2002).
Detection and isolation of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 from horses in Normandy: an autopsy study of tissue distribution in relation to vaccination status.
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 49(8), 394-399.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00590.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- AFSSA, Laboratoire d'études et de recherches en pathologie equine, Dozulé, France. s.taouji@dozule.afssa.fr
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Autopsy
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Viral / genetics
- France / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Equid / immunology
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
- Viral Vaccines
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Roberts HC, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Calvo AV, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Carvelli A, Paillot R, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Baldinelli F, Van der Stede Y. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): infection with Equine Herpesvirus-1. EFSA J 2022 Jan;20(1):e07036.
- Holz CL, Sledge DG, Kiupel M, Nelli RK, Goehring LS, Soboll Hussey G. Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:59.
- Schnabel CL, Wimer CL, Perkins G, Babasyan S, Freer H, Watts C, Rollins A, Osterrieder N, Wagner B. Deletion of the ORF2 gene of the neuropathogenic equine herpesvirus type 1 strain Ab4 reduces virulence while maintaining strong immunogenicity. BMC Vet Res 2018 Aug 22;14(1):245.
- Yildirim Y, Yilmaz V, Kirmizigul AH. Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in horses and donkeys in northeastern Turkey. Iran J Vet Res 2015 Fall;16(4):341-4.
- Pearson W, Omar S, Clarke AF. Low-dose ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) modulates the course and magnitude of the antibody response to vaccination against equid herpesvirus I in horses. Can J Vet Res 2007 Jul;71(3):213-7.
- Burnouf T, Griffiths E, Padilla A, Seddik S, Stephano MA, Gutiérrez JM. Assessment of the viral safety of antivenoms fractionated from equine plasma. Biologicals 2004 Sep;32(3):115-28.
- Normand C, Thieulent CJ, Fortier C, Sutton G, Senamaud-Beaufort C, Jourdren L, Blugeon C, Vidalain PO, Pronost S, Hue ES. A Screening Study Identified Decitabine as an Inhibitor of Equid Herpesvirus 4 That Enhances the Innate Antiviral Response. Viruses 2024 May 8;16(5).
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