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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020; 9(10); 816; doi: 10.3390/pathogens9100816

Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse.

Abstract: A 10-year-old horse presented with two 3-cm diameter exophytic masses over the fetlock. Histology was consistent with a hyperplastic squamous papilloma and numerous cell changes consistent with papillomavirus (PV) infection were visible. Partial sequences of PV L1 and E1 ORFs were amplified using consensus PCR primers. The sequences were most similar to Equus caballus type 1 (EcPV1). However, as the sequences were only around 73% similar to EcPV1, they appear to be from a novel PV type that is likely to be within the genus. The papillomas were treated with topical imiquimod and resolved within 14 weeks. The clinical presentation of the papillomas in the present case had marked differences to the clinical presentation of EcPV-1-induced papillomas, which are typically small, numerous and around the face. Observations from the present case increase the clinical spectrum of PV-induced lesions in this species as well as providing evidence of an additional novel papillomavirus that is able to cause disease in horses.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-05 PubMed ID: 33027924PubMed Central: PMC7599537DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100816Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study discusses the detection of a probable new type of Papillomavirus in a 10-year-old horse with unusual exophytic papillomas over the fetlock, which were treated successfully with a topical application.

Explanation of the Research:

  • The subject of the study was a 10-year-old horse presenting with two unusual 3-cm diameter exophytic masses, more commonly known as skin outgrowths, situated above the horse’s fetlock joint.
  • The histology of these lesions was found to be consistent with a hyperplastic squamous papilloma, a form of benign skin tumour.
  • Considerable cell changes visible in these tumours were indicative of a papillomavirus (PV) infection. Papillomaviruses are a type of virus that can cause tumours in both humans and animals.

Detection of Novel PV type:

  • The researchers then amplified partial sequences of PV L1 (a major capsid protein) and E1 ORFs (Open Reading Frames, which have the potential to be translated into a protein) using consensus PCR primers.
  • The enumerated sequences had strong parallels with Equus caballus type 1 (EcPV1), a papillomavirus found in horses. However, the sequence similarity was only approximately 73%, suggesting they are from a distinct, previously unidentified PV type.
  • Based on this finding, the researchers conjecture that this potential new type of PV could be categorized under the same virus genus.

Treatment and Clinical Implications:

  • The papillomas detected in this horse were treated with topical imiquimod, a medication used to treat skin diseases, resulting in resolution within 14 weeks.
  • The clinical appearance of the papillomas in this case differed noticeably from those induced by EcPV-1, which are typically small, numerous, and located around the horse’s face. This observation broadens the known clinical range of PV-induced lesions in horses.
  • The findings of this study thus provide evidence to support the presence of an additional, novel papillomavirus that can cause disease in horses.

The research paper concludes that the discovery of this potentially new type of Papillomavirus in horses contributes significantly to the understanding of PV-induced diseases in this animal species and offers a new direction for future research.

Cite This Article

APA
Munday JS, Hardcastle MR, Sim M. (2020). Detection of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus Type within a Large Exophytic Papilloma on the Fetlock of a Horse. Pathogens, 9(10), 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100816

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 10
PII: 816

Researcher Affiliations

Munday, John S
  • School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
Hardcastle, Michael R
  • Gribbles Veterinary Pathology Ltd., Auckland 1060, New Zealand.
Sim, Melissa
  • Franklin Vets, Pukekohe 2120, New Zealand.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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This article includes 23 references
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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Kuhar U, Žele Vengušt D, Jamnikar-Ciglenečki U, Vengušt G. Identification of a Novel Papillomavirus Type (MfoiPV1) Associated with Acrochordon in a Stone Marten (Martes foina). Pathogens 2021 Apr 30;10(5).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens10050539pubmed: 33946165google scholar: lookup
  2. Munday JS, French AF, Broughton L, Lin X, Bond SD, Kraberger S, Knox MA. First Detection and Genetic Characterization of Felis catus Papillomavirus Type 11, the First Treisetapapillomavirus Type to Infect Domestic Cats. Animals (Basel) 2025 May 14;15(10).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15101416pubmed: 40427293google scholar: lookup
  3. Zhao Y, Zhao M, Zhang W. Identification of a novel papillomavirus in oral swabs from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1457471.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1457471pubmed: 39830168google scholar: lookup
  4. Munday JS, Bond SD, Piripi S, Soulsby SJ, Knox MA. Canis Familiaris Papillomavirus Type 26: A Novel Papillomavirus of Dogs and the First Canine Papillomavirus within the Omegapapillomavirus Genus. Viruses 2024 Apr 12;16(4).
    doi: 10.3390/v16040595pubmed: 38675936google scholar: lookup
  5. Munday JS, Knight CG, Luff JA. Papillomaviral skin diseases of humans, dogs, cats and horses: A comparative review. Part 1: Papillomavirus biology and hyperplastic lesions. Vet J 2022 Oct;288:105897.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105897pubmed: 36150643google scholar: lookup
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