Detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Abstract: A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) procedure for the detection of seventeen non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in equine plasma and urine samples is described. The extraction of the compounds from the biological matrix was performed at acidic pH (2-3) with diethyl ether. Ethereal extracts were washed with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate (urine) or treated with a solid mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate (plasma). The ethereal extracts were dried and derivatized by incubation at 60 degrees C with methyl iodide in acetone in the presence of solid potassium carbonate. Mono- or bismethyl derivatives of the NSAIDs were obtained. After derivatization kinetic studies, 90 min was the incubation time finally chosen for screening purposes for adequate methylation of all the compounds under study. For individual confirmation analyses, shorter incubation times can be used. The chromatographic analysis of the derivatives was accomplished by GC-MS with a run time of 13 min. In general, extraction recoveries ranged from 23.3 to 100% in plasma and from 37.5 to 83.8% in urine samples. Detection limits from less than 5 to 25 ng/ml were obtained for both plasma and urine samples using selected-ion monitoring. The procedure was applied to the screening and confirmation of NSAIDs in routine doping control of equine samples.
Publication Date: 1996-01-05 PubMed ID: 8589834DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00370-3Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
This research outlines a method for detecting the presence of seventeen different types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in horse urine and blood plasma samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Methodology
The researchers employed a multi-step process involving:
- The extraction of NSAIDs from biological materials, achieved through the use of diethyl ether in an acidic environment (pH 2-3).
- These ethereal extracts were then treated with certain solutions. Urine samples were washed with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate whilst plasma samples were treated with a solid blend of sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
- Following treatment, the ethereal extracts were dried and then derivatized. This was achieved through incubation at 60 degrees Celsius using methyl iodide in acetone, in the presence of solid potassium carbonate.
- This process resulted in either mono- or bismethyl derivatives of the NSAIDs.
Optimization and Screening
To ensure comprehensive methylation of all compound samples, the researchers conducted kinetic studies and determined that an incubation period of 90 minutes was optimal for screening purpose. For individual confirmation analyses, shorter incubation times sufficed.
The final stage of the process, the chromatographic analysis of the derivatives, was carried out using GC-MS and had a run time of 13 minutes.
Results
They reported that:
- In general, extraction recoveries ranged from 23.3% to 100% for plasma and from 37.5% to 83.8% for urine samples.
- Detection limits ranged from less than 5 to 25 ng/ml for both plasma and urine samples using selected-ion monitoring.
Utility and Application
The procedure was then applied successfully for the routine doping control of horse samples, allowing for screening and confirmation of NSAIDs use. This has practical implications for equine competitive sports in regards to veterinary health regulations and anti-doping rules.
Overall, this research presents a robust and effective strategy for the detection of NSAIDs in equine samples, pointing to its potential use in doping control.
Cite This Article
APA
González G, Ventura R, Smith AK, de la Torre R, Segura J.
(1996).
Detection of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in equine plasma and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
J Chromatogr A, 719(1), 251-264.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00370-3 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Departament de Farmacologia i Toxicologia, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / urine
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / statistics & numerical data
- Horses / blood
- Horses / urine
- Kinetics
- Methylation
- Molecular Structure
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Pulgarín JA, Molina AA, Ferreras FM. Simultaneous determination of mefenamic and tolfenamic acids in real samples by terbium-sensitized luminescence. J Fluoresc 2012 Nov;22(6):1483-92.
- de Kanel J, Vickery WE, Diamond FX. Simultaneous analysis of 14 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human serum by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry without chromatography. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1998 Mar;9(3):255-7.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
