Detection of the epidemic of the H3N8 subtype of the equine influenza virus in large-scale donkey farms.
Abstract: To monitor the occurrence of equine influenza in large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, serological investigation and sequence analysis of HA/M protein gene of equine influenza virus (EIV) were carried out. Samples (n = 65) of the lung and nasal swab were collected in six different large-scale donkey farms and detected with RT-PCR for HA and M protein gene. The homology and evolution of HA and M genes were analysed with known sequences. Antibody titres of serum samples (n = 120, unvaccinated) level was determined by the HI test. The average seropositive rate was 32.5% (39/120) with great diversity among different populations. The positive rate of EIV HA/M protein gene was 21.5% (14/65) by RT-PCR. The equine influenza H3N8 virus was confirmed by gene sequencing, and the homology of the sequence was 99.77% with isolates from Northeast China (equine/heilongjiang/1/2010), consistent with the input of donkeys. This suggested that EIV has become an important threat to large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng and threats from the input area must be vigilant.
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Publication Date: 2020-03-31 PubMed ID: 32341914PubMed Central: PMC7170389DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2020.1739844Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research focused on monitoring and analyzing the occurrence of equine influenza, particularly the subtype H3N8 in large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. The researchers collected and examined samples for the presence of the influenza virus and found that the influenza virus had become a significant threat to large-scale donkey farms in the region.
Methodology of the Study
- The study was initiated by collecting samples of the lung and nasal swab from various large scale donkey farms in Liaocheng City in Shandong Province.
- In total, 65 samples were collected from six different large-scale donkey farms for detection of the influenza virus.
- The samples were then subjected to a technique called RT-PCR, specifically designed to detect HA (Hemagglutinin) and M (Matrix) protein gene of the equine influenza virus (EIV).
Results of Analysis
- The positive rate of EIV HA/M protein gene was found to be 21.5% (14 out of 65) by using RT-PCR.
- They also averagely observed a 32.5% seropositive rate in the unvaccinated serum samples, meaning antibodies against the virus were observed in this percentage of samples.
- However, the seropositive rate varied greatly among different populations.
EIV Sequence Analysis and Findings
- The researchers also conducted a sequence analysis of the HA and M genes to check and compare their homology and evolution with known sequences.
- This sequence analysis confirmed the presence of equine influenza subtype H3N8 virus in the donkeys.
- The sequence showed a homology of 99.77% with isolates from Northeast China (equine/heilongjiang/1/2010), implying the two viruses share almost identical genetic makeup.
- This high homology of the sequence was consistent with the import of donkeys to the farms, suggesting that the disease might have been introduced to the farms through the transportation of donkeys from affected areas in Northeast China.
Conclusion and Implication
- Therefore, the study concluded that the equine influenza virus (EIV), specifically subtype H3N8, has become an important threat to large-scale donkey farms in Liaocheng City.
- The researchers caution that there should be increased vigilance towards threats from the areas where the donkeys are imported from.
Cite This Article
APA
Yongfeng Y, Xiaobo S, Nan X, Jingwen Z, Wenqiang L.
(2020).
Detection of the epidemic of the H3N8 subtype of the equine influenza virus in large-scale donkey farms.
Int J Vet Sci Med, 8(1), 26-30.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23144599.2020.1739844 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
- College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China.
Conflict of Interest Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Lazić S, Savić S, Petrović T, Lazić G, Žekić M, Drobnjak D, Lupulović D. Serological Examinations of Significant Viral Infections in Domestic Donkeys at the Special Nature Reserve "Zasavica", Serbia.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jun 21;13(13).
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