FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Acta neuropathologica1992; 84(3); 307-315; doi: 10.1007/BF00227824

Determination of the early age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. 1. Muscle pathology.

Abstract: The age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy has not been ascertained, although the clinical condition of left laryngeal hemiplegia ("roaring") has been recognized for centuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laryngeal muscles of draft horse foals for the presence of fiber-type grouping, indicating denervation and reinnervation, and to determine if histological evidence of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was present. Abductor and adductor laryngeal muscles from the left and right sides were collected immediately after euthanasia from male draft horse foals, six less than 2 weeks and four 6 months of age, and stained for myosin ATPase. A morphometric test was used to objectively evaluate several areas from each muscle for fiber-type grouping. Extensive fiber-type grouping which was characteristic of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was found in one of the young foals and all of the older foals. Four of the young foals had some areas of fiber-type grouping suggestive of mild, early changes associated with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. One of the young foals had no fiber-type grouping present in any of the laryngeal muscles evaluated. These findings suggest an early age of onset of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 1992-01-01 PubMed ID: 1384268DOI: 10.1007/BF00227824Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses a study aimed at investigating the onset age of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, a condition observed in horses. The study specifically analyzes muscle fibers in young and older foals to look for signs of the condition.

Study Rationale and Objective

  • The study was necessitated by the unestablished age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. This is a disorder in horses causing left laryngeal hemiplegia, also known as roaring, which has been recognized for centuries but its onset remains undefined.
  • The purpose of the study was to evaluate the laryngeal muscles in draft horse foals to detect any occurrence of fiber-type grouping. This grouping indicates two processes: denervation, where nerve fibers lose their coverings, and reinnervation, where the fibers regain the coverings. These two processes are indicators of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
  • The research aimed to determine if there was any histological evidence of the presence of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in the horse foals.

Methodology

  • The muscles involved in opening (abductor) and closing (adductor) larynx from the left and right sides of male draft horse foals were collected immediately after euthanasia.
  • The study used ten foals: six aged less than two weeks while four were six months old.
  • Staining for Myosin adenosine triphosphate (ATPase), an enzyme that provides energy for muscle contraction, was done on the collected muscles.
  • The stained samples were then observed for fiber-type grouping using a morphometric test. Several areas from each muscle sample were objectively evaluated for such grouping.

Findings

  • In one of the young foals and all of the older ones, there was an extensive fiber-type grouping. This finding is representative of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
  • Four of the young foals demonstrated areas of fiber-type grouping, which is suggestive of early, mild changes associated with recurrent laryngeal neuropathy.
  • No fiber-type grouping was present in any laryngeal muscles evaluated in one of the young foals.
  • Overall, these findings suggest that recurrent laryngeal neuropathy may be set in motion at an early age in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Harrison GD, Duncan ID, Clayton MK. (1992). Determination of the early age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. 1. Muscle pathology. Acta Neuropathol, 84(3), 307-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00227824

Publication

Acta neuropathologica
ISSN: 0001-6322
NlmUniqueID: 0412041
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 84
Issue: 3
Pages: 307-315

Researcher Affiliations

Harrison, G D
  • Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Duncan, I D
    Clayton, M K

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Histocytochemistry
      • Horse Diseases / pathology
      • Horses
      • Laryngeal Muscles / pathology
      • Male
      • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / pathology
      • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / veterinary
      • Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / pathology
      • Staining and Labeling

      References

      This article includes 31 references
      1. Lexell J, Downham D, Sjöström M. Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles. A statistical and computational model for the study of fibre type grouping and early diagnosis of skeletal muscle fibre denervation and reinnervation.. J Neurol Sci 1983 Oct-Nov;61(3):301-14.
        pubmed: 6317807doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(83)90164-8google scholar: lookup
      2. Hatano E, Miyamoto Y, Arita S, Hori Y. Application of computer system to analysis of muscle morphology: statistical analysis of spatial pattern of muscle fibers.. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1984 Jun;33(2):145-9.
        pubmed: 6480378
      3. Cahill JI, Goulden BE. Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. Part III. A teased fibre study of peripheral nerves.. N Z Vet J 1986 Nov;34(11):181-5.
        pubmed: 16031232doi: 10.1080/00480169.1986.35342google scholar: lookup
      4. Fawcett PR, Johnson MA, Schofield IS. Comparison of electrophysiological and histochemical methods for assessing the spatial distribution of muscle fibres of a motor unit within muscle.. J Neurol Sci 1985 May-Jun;69(1-2):67-79.
        pubmed: 3159855doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(85)90008-5google scholar: lookup
      5. Duncan ID, Baker GJ, Heffron CJ, Griffiths IR. A correlation of the endoscopic and pathological changes in subclinical pathology of the horse's larynx.. Equine Vet J 1977 Oct;9(4):220-5.
        pubmed: 923556doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1977.tb04036.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      6. Poncet PA, Montavon S, Gaillard C, Barrelet F, Straub R, Gerber H. A preliminary report on the possible genetic basis of laryngeal hemiplegia.. Equine Vet J 1989 Mar;21(2):137-8.
        pubmed: 2707232doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb02121.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      7. Duncan ID, Amundson J, Cuddon PA, Sufit R, Jackson KF, Lindsay WA. Preferential denervation of the adductor muscles of the equine larynx. I: Muscle pathology.. Equine Vet J 1991 Mar;23(2):94-8.
        pubmed: 2044516doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02728.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      8. Lester JM, Silber DI, Cohen MH, Hirsch RP, Bradley WG, Brenner JF. The co-dispersion index for the measurement of fiber type distribution patterns.. Muscle Nerve 1983 Oct;6(8):581-7.
        pubmed: 6358885doi: 10.1002/mus.880060808google scholar: lookup
      9. Duncan ID, Reifenrath P, Jackson KF, Clayton M. Preferential denervation of the adductor muscles of the equine larynx. II: Nerve pathology.. Equine Vet J 1991 Mar;23(2):99-103.
        pubmed: 2044517doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02729.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      10. COOK WR. THE DIAGNOSIS OF RESPIRATORY UNSOUNDNESS IN THE HORSE.. Vet Rec 1965 May 8;77:516-27.
        pubmed: 14331430
      11. Duncan ID. Determination of the early age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. 2. Nerve pathology.. Acta Neuropathol 1992;84(3):316-21.
        pubmed: 1329430doi: 10.1007/BF00227825google scholar: lookup
      12. Cahill JI, Goulden BE. The pathogenesis of equine laryngeal hemiplegia--a review.. N Z Vet J 1987 Jun;35(6):82-90.
        pubmed: 16031387doi: 10.1080/00480169.1987.35394google scholar: lookup
      13. Goulden BE, Anderson LJ, Cahill JI. Roaring in Clydesdales.. N Z Vet J 1985 May;33(5):73-6.
        pubmed: 16031164doi: 10.1080/00480169.1985.35170google scholar: lookup
      14. Johnson MA, Polgar J, Weightman D, Appleton D. Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. An autopsy study.. J Neurol Sci 1973 Jan;18(1):111-29.
        pubmed: 4120482doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(73)90023-3google scholar: lookup
      15. Lexell J, Downham D, Sjöström M. Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles. A statistical and computational study of the fibre type arrangement in m. vastus lateralis of young, healthy males.. J Neurol Sci 1984 Sep;65(3):353-65.
        pubmed: 6548511doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(84)90098-4google scholar: lookup
      16. Cahill JI, Goulden BE. Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. Part IV. Muscle pathology.. N Z Vet J 1986 Nov;34(11):186-90.
        pubmed: 16031233doi: 10.1080/00480169.1986.35343google scholar: lookup
      17. Cohen MH, Lester JM, Bradley WG, Brenner JF, Hirsch RP, Silber DI, Ziegelmiller D. A computer model of denervation-reinnervation in skeletal muscle.. Muscle Nerve 1987 Nov-Dec;10(9):826-36.
        pubmed: 3683454doi: 10.1002/mus.880100908google scholar: lookup
      18. Griffiths IR, Duncan ID, Quirk C, McQueen A. "The central areas" of denervated canine muscle.. J Comp Pathol 1973 Oct;83(4):493-8.
        pubmed: 4358980doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(73)90007-8google scholar: lookup
      19. Gunn HM. Further observations on laryngeal skeletal muscle in the horse.. Equine Vet J 1973 Apr;5(2):77-80.
        pubmed: 4275248doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1973.tb03198.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      20. Hillidge CJ. Interpretation of laryngeal function tests in the horse.. Vet Rec 1986 May 10;118(19):535-6.
        pubmed: 3716151doi: 10.1136/vr.118.19.535google scholar: lookup
      21. James NT. A geometrical probability study of type I muscle fibres in the rabbit and guinea pig.. J Neurol Sci 1971 Dec;14(4):381-7.
        pubmed: 4108202doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(71)90173-0google scholar: lookup
      22. Venema HW. Spatial distribution of fiber types in skeletal muscle: test for a random distribution.. Muscle Nerve 1988 Apr;11(4):301-11.
        pubmed: 3398877doi: 10.1002/mus.880110405google scholar: lookup
      23. Cahill JI, Goulden BE. Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. Part II. An electron microscopic study of peripheral nerves.. N Z Vet J 1986 Oct;34(10):170-5.
        pubmed: 16031225doi: 10.1080/00480169.1986.35335google scholar: lookup
      24. Froes MM, Kristmundsdottir F, Mahon M, Cumming WJ. Muscle morphometry in motor neuron disease.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1987 Nov-Dec;13(6):405-19.
        pubmed: 3447070doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1987.tb00071.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      25. COLE CR. Changes in the equine larynx associated with laryngeal hemiplegia.. Am J Vet Res 1946 Apr;7:69-77.
        pubmed: 21024753
      26. Dyer KR, Duncan ID. The intraneural distribution of myelinated fibres in the equine recurrent laryngeal nerve.. Brain 1987 Dec;110 ( Pt 6):1531-43.
        pubmed: 3427399doi: 10.1093/brain/110.6.1531google scholar: lookup
      27. Duncan ID, Griffiths IR, Madrid RE. A light and electron microscopic study of the neuropathy of equine idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia.. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1978 Nov-Dec;4(6):483-501.
        pubmed: 745676doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1978.tb01358.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      28. Cahill JI, Goulden BE. Equine laryngeal hemiplegia. Part I. A light microscopic study of peripheral nerves.. N Z Vet J 1986 Oct;34(10):161-9.
        pubmed: 16031224doi: 10.1080/00480169.1986.35334google scholar: lookup
      29. Gunn HM. Histochemical observations on laryngeal skeletal muscle fibres in 'normal' horses.. Equine Vet J 1972 Jul;4(3):144-8.
        pubmed: 4265667doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1972.tb03896.xgoogle scholar: lookup
      30. Cook WR. A comparison of idiopathic laryngeal paralysis in man and horse.. J Laryngol Otol 1970 Aug;84(8):819-35.
        pubmed: 5465585doi: 10.1017/s0022215100072571google scholar: lookup
      31. Lexell J, Downham D, Sjöström M. Morphological detection of neurogenic muscle disorders: how can statistical methods aid diagnosis?. Acta Neuropathol 1987;75(2):109-15.
        pubmed: 3324621doi: 10.1007/BF00687070google scholar: lookup

      Citations

      This article has been cited 4 times.
      1. Boissonnault È, Jeon A, Munin MC, Filippetti M, Picelli A, Haldane C, Reebye R. Assessing muscle architecture with ultrasound: implications for spasticity. Eur J Transl Myol 2024 May 30;34(2).
        doi: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12397pubmed: 38818772google scholar: lookup
      2. Draper ACE, Piercy RJ. Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2018 Jul;32(4):1397-1409.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.15142pubmed: 29691904google scholar: lookup
      3. Boyko AR, Brooks SA, Behan-Braman A, Castelhano M, Corey E, Oliveira KC, Swinburne JE, Todhunter RJ, Zhang Z, Ainsworth DM, Robinson NE. Genomic analysis establishes correlation between growth and laryngeal neuropathy in Thoroughbreds. BMC Genomics 2014 Apr 3;15:259.
        doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-259pubmed: 24707981google scholar: lookup
      4. Duncan ID. Determination of the early age of onset of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. 2. Nerve pathology. Acta Neuropathol 1992;84(3):316-21.
        doi: 10.1007/BF00227825pubmed: 1329430google scholar: lookup
      Subscribe to our newsletter
      Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.