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Home / Equine Research Bank / Res Vet Sci / Determination of whole blood cholinesterase in different ani...
Research in veterinary science2001; 70(3); 233-238; doi: 10.1053/rvsc.2001.0465

Determination of whole blood cholinesterase in different animal species using specific substrates.

Abstract: Whole blood cholinesterase was measured using acetyl-, butyryl- and propionylthiocholine as substrates in 10 healthy adult dogs, cats, horses, pigs, goats, sheep and cows, in order to determine and characterise the cholinesterase activity in whole blood of the main domestic animals. An in vitro exposure test with two anticholinesterase compounds, the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos and the carbamate insecticide imidocarb, was also performed. In whole blood of ruminants and pigs, acetylthiocholine yielded the highest cholinesterase activity and other substrates were poorly hydrolysed; in dogs and cats, although acetylthiocholine showed the highest cholinesterase activity, butyryl- and propionylthiocholine also produced high cholinesterase values; in horses, propionylthiocholine was the substrate that yielded the highest cholinesterase activity, closely followed by butyrylthiocholine. All within- and between-run coefficients of variation observed in whole blood samples were less than 5 and 7 per cent, respectively, except when butyrylthiocholine was used as substrate in ruminant blood samples. Butyryl- and propionylthiocholine were the substrates that yielded higher inhibitions after coumaphos exposure, whereas the use of acetylthiocholine showed the highest cholinesterase inhibition after imidocarb exposure. The use of at least two substrates (acetyl and butyrylthiocholine) is recommended for whole blood cholinesterase analyses in domestic animals since it will allow monitoring of both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase activities, respectively, and a more accurate detection of exposure to anticholinesterase compounds. However, acetylthiocholine could be used as a unique substrate for whole blood cholinesterase determination in porcine and ruminant samples since butyrylcholinesterase activity is very low in these species. Additionally, propionylthiocholine could be used as an alternative substrate to butyrylthiocholine in horse whole blood samples.
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Publication Date: 2001-10-26 PubMed ID: 11676619DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.2001.0465Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research examines the activity of cholinesterase enzyme in the blood of various domestic animals using specific substrates, and tests the effect of two insecticide compounds on this activity, to make recommendations on how to effectively measure cholinesterase levels in these animals.

Cholinesterase Measurement in Animal Blood

  • The researchers tested the whole blood cholinesterase activity in seven species of healthy adult domestic animals: dogs, cats, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, and cows.
  • Three substrates were used for the measurement: acetyl-, butyryl-, and propionylthiocholine.
  • The test results vary depending on the animal species and the substrates used. In ruminants (sheep, cows, and goats) and pigs, acetylthiocholine produced the highest cholinesterase activity. In dogs and cats, acetylthiocholine again showed the highest activity, but butyryl- and propionylthiocholine also showed high cholinesterase activity. In horses, propionylthiocholine yielded the highest results, followed closely by butyrylthiocholine.
  • The observed variation within and between blood samples from different runs were less than 5 and 7 per cent, respectively, except when butyrylthiocholine was used as a substrate in ruminant blood samples.

Insecticide Exposure Test

  • The blood samples were also exposed in vitro to two anticholinesterase compounds: the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos and the carbamate insecticide imidocarb.
  • Butyryl- and propionylthiocholine substrates showed higher inhibitions after coumaphos exposure, while the use of acetylthiocholine substrate resulted in the highest cholinesterase inhibition after exposure to imidocarb.

Recommendations for Cholinesterase Analyses

  • The researchers recommend using at least two substrates (acetyl and butyrylthiocholine) for whole blood cholinesterase analysis in domestic animals. This would enable monitoring the activities of both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases and allow a more accurate detection of exposure to anticholinesterase compounds.
  • In the case of ruminants and pigs, acetylthiocholine was recommended as a single substrate since butyrylcholinesterase activity is quite low in these species. Also, for horses, propionylthiocholine could be a suitable substitute for butyrylthiocholine.

Cite This Article

APA
Tecles F, Cerón JJ. (2001). Determination of whole blood cholinesterase in different animal species using specific substrates. Res Vet Sci, 70(3), 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1053/rvsc.2001.0465

Publication

Research in veterinary science
ISSN: 0034-5288
NlmUniqueID: 0401300
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 70
Issue: 3
Pages: 233-238

Researcher Affiliations

Tecles, F
  • Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain. ftecles@um.es
Cerón, J J

    MeSH Terms

    • 2,2'-Dipyridyl / analogs & derivatives
    • 2,2'-Dipyridyl / analysis
    • Acetylthiocholine / blood
    • Animals
    • Antiprotozoal Agents / pharmacology
    • Butyrylthiocholine / blood
    • Cats
    • Cattle
    • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology
    • Cholinesterases / blood
    • Coumaphos / analysis
    • Disulfides / analysis
    • Dithionitrobenzoic Acid / chemistry
    • Dogs
    • Erythrocytes / enzymology
    • Goats
    • Horses
    • Imidocarb / pharmacology
    • Sheep
    • Species Specificity
    • Substrate Specificity
    • Swine
    • Thiocholine / analogs & derivatives
    • Thiocholine / metabolism

    Citations

    This article has been cited 19 times.
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      pubmed: 22468023
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    17. Tecles F, Martínez-Martínez A, Crespo-Piazuelo D, López-Martínez MJ, Yeste-Vizcaíno N, Goyena E, Cerón JJ, Martinez-Subiela S, González-Bulnes A, Muñoz-Prieto A. Effect of age and disease on saliva and serum biomarkers of stress, inflammation, immunity, redox and general health status in pigs. Sci Rep 2025 Jul 21;15(1):26440.
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    18. Vallejo-Mateo PJ, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Muñoz-Prieto A, Botia M, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rubio CP, Zelvyte R, Cerón JJ, Franco-Martínez L. Saliva as a Potential Source of Biomarkers in Cows with Metritis: A Pilot Study. Vet Sci 2024 Sep 21;11(9).
      doi: 10.3390/vetsci11090446pubmed: 39330825google scholar: lookup
    19. Pérez-Pérez L, Carvajal A, Puente H, Peres Rubio C, Cerón JJ, Rubio P, Argüello H. New insights into swine dysentery: faecal shedding, macro and microscopic lesions and biomarkers in early and acute stages of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection. Porcine Health Manag 2024 Jun 29;10(1):24.
      doi: 10.1186/s40813-024-00375-9pubmed: 38951921google scholar: lookup
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