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Research in veterinary science.
Publisher:
British Veterinary Association. London : British Veterinary Association
Frequency: Bimonthly
Country: England
Language: English
Author(s):
British Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1960 -
ISSN:
0034-5288 (Print)
1532-2661 (Electronic)
0034-5288 (Linking)
1532-2661 (Electronic)
0034-5288 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.4
2022
| NLM ID: | 0401300 |
| (DNLM): | R25920000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01644503 |
| Coden: | RVTSA9 |
| Classification: | W1 RE231 |
Leishmania spp. infection in horses in an endemic area of canine leishmaniosis (north-western Algeria). Leishmaniosis is a parasitic disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. It affects humans, canids, and rodents in endemic areas and is transmitted through the bites of infected sand flies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of equine leishmaniosis in horses from Tiaret Province, northwestern Algeria, an area endemic for canine leishmaniosis, and to identify the main risk factors associated with infection. The study included 75 local Barb horses and employed molecular and serological techniques for the detection of Leishmania infection. Among the sampled...
Thermographic analysis of chiropractic care on the back health of Mangalarga Marchador horses. Poor saddle fit can cause back pain and lesions in horses, highlighting the need for preventive therapies. Objective: To evaluate the effects of chiropractic treatment on the backs of Mangalarga Marchador horses using infrared thermography to monitor thermal changes associated with saddle-induced overload. Methods: Physiological, environmental, thermographic, and chiropractic parameters were evaluated in 13 horses subjected to a standardized 25-min exercise session. Animals were assigned to either a control group (GC, n = 6) or a chiropractic treatment group (GT, n = 7). Assessments were c...
Histone deacetylase inhibition alters mRNA expression of cell cycle- and senescence-associated genes in primary equine chondrocytes. Cellular senescence is a biological state of a cell that triggers inflammation and gradually contributes to pathological conditions. Unlike programmed cell death, prolonged inhibition of cell division induces a metabolic state in senescent cells, in which they release pro-inflammatory factors that drive inflammation affecting the tissue microenvironment. Along with prolonged excessive mechanical stress, low-grade inflammation raised by senescent chondrocytes may contribute to articular cartilage defects, which are prevalent in ageing populations. Moreover, the use of chemotherapeutics used to ...
Synovial fluid oxidative stress index as a biomarker for arthritis severity in thoroughbred racehorses. Arthritis is a major cause of lameness in racehorses. Even when lameness improves, it may recur after training resumes, making it difficult to determine the disease state and when to end treatment. This retrospective observational study examined whether oxidative stress in synovial fluid could assess arthritis status in racehorses. Synovial fluid samples obtained during routine clinical practice from horses with arthritis and control samples obtained from horses without clinical or radiographic evidence of carpal joint disease were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 72 Thoroughbreds in Japan...
Surface electromyography and joint angle kinematics of horses at walk and trot on a treadmill. This study aimed to evaluate electromyographic and kinematic parameters of the thoracic and pelvic limbs of horses at a walk and trot on a treadmill. Eleven Brazilian Sport Horses trained for Eventing were assessed in a completely randomized design under two conditions: walk (1.8 m/s) and trot (3.6 m/s). Horses were evaluated on a high-speed treadmill using surface electromyography (sEMG) and kinematic analysis. sEMG was performed bilaterally on the mm. extensor carpi radialis and mm. flexor carpi ulnaris; bilateral muscles of the pelvic limb: mm. tensor fascia latae and mm. biceps femoris u...
Diagnostic criteria for equine thoracolumbar myofascial pain syndrome: A foundational study. Diagnostic criteria for myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) are well established in humans but remain underexplored in horses. This study aimed to identify which MPS clinical signs were present in the equine thoracolumbar region, assess internal coherence among clinical indicators, and explore the diagnostic relevance of owner-reported behavioural, signalment, management, and clinical variables. A population of 120 horses underwent a static physical assessment of the thoracolumbar region. Owner-reported horse behaviours were collected through a questionnaire. Taut band, hypersensitive spot, local t...
Outcome of keratoma removal using different surgical techniques, including a modified partial hoof wall resection: A retrospective study (2004-2025). Keratomas are diseases of the equine hoof that can be associated with intermittent lameness and/or recurrent foot abscesses. Different surgical techniques for keratoma removal have been described. The aim of this retrospective study was to report the short- and long-term postoperative complications after keratoma removal using different surgical techniques: complete hoof wall resection (CR), partial hoof wall resection (PR) and a modified version of PR (MPR). The medical records of horses diagnosed with keratoma and space occupying lesion (SOL) of the hoof wall (2004-2025) at a Veterinary Teac...
Skull morphometry and sexual dimorphism in the Kyrgyz horse: A multivariate size-corrected analysis. This study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism in Kyrgyz horse skulls by separating size and shape components using Mosimann log-shape ratios, based on 18 linear cranial measurements recorded from 39 specimens. Raw linear data were analyzed alongside size-corrected Mosimann log-shape ratios to distinguish overall size from size-independent shape. Males showed larger raw means than females for all 18 variables, and 14 measurements remained significant after false-discovery-rate correction. The strongest raw differences involved skull length to nasale, total skull length, nasal length, breadth b...
Evaluation of doppler indexes of the lateral palmar digital artery in lame sport horses. Although lateral palmar digital artery (LPDA) flow velocity does not differ between forelimbs, horses with lameness typically reduce loading of the affected limb during the weight-bearing phase. This study aimed to assess whether Pulsed-Wave (PW) Doppler indices of the (LPDA) blood flow differ between the two forelimbs in horses with unilateral forelimb lameness, and whether these differences correlate with lameness severity. Twenty-seven lame and 15 healthy horses were enrolled. All Doppler ultrasonographic examinations were performed by a single operator, blinded to both the presence or abse...
Functional and feasibility aspects of orthopedic exoprostheses in quadruped domestic animals: a systematic review. The use of prostheses in animals with partial limb amputation has emerged as an alternative to euthanasia, aiming to improve their quality of life. However, the fabrication and adaptation remain challenging in Veterinary Medicine. This study aims to evaluate, through a systematic review, the determinants of viability, outcomes, and limitations of exoprostheses in domestic animals of varying sizes. A literature search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using structure search terms related to prosthesis, veterinary, amputation. After screening and ...
Comparison of equine PBMC isolation using two protocols: Impact on key cellular parameters. There are diverse uses for equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in research. Studies have shown that PBMC isolation protocols can affect immune parameters of diagnostic and research assays. We aimed to assess the impact of equine blood handling techniques on cell yield, viability, and proliferation under mitogen stimulation. Whole blood (WB) samples were collected from eight healthy adult horses into heparinized tubes for PBMC isolation by comparing method 1 (M1) where freshly collected WB was layered directly over a density gradient medium for centrifugation, followed by PBMC harv...
The incidence of fatal and non-fatal injury in thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses in Louisiana (2014-2022). The objectives of the study were to report the incidence of race-related injuries and equine fatalities in racehorses at the Louisiana racetracks from 2014 to 2022 for both Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racehorses. Additionally, this study evaluated several factors that may be related to the occurrence of race-related injuries in racehorses in Louisiana. The average rates of equine fatal injuries (euthanized on or off track within 72 h of the race) were 1.70 ± 0.76 and 1.94 ± 0.89 per 1000 starts in Thoroughbred and Quarter racehorses, respectively. The average rates of non-fatal injur...
Unveiling genetic diversity in Egyptian Arabian horses (Equus caballus) through cytogenetic and ISSR marker analysis. This study combined classical cytogenetics and ISSR molecular markers to characterize genetic diversity in 24 Egyptian Arabian horses. Karyotyping revealed the standard equine chromosome number (2n = 64) with no numerical or structural abnormalities. Chromosome measurements were consistent with ISCN Equine standards: autosomal relative lengths (RL%) followed the expected size hierarchy, biarmed chromosomes displayed metacentric to submetacentric morphology (CI = 37-50%), and recalculated centromeric indices confirmed the presence of measurable p-arms on all acrocentric chromosomes. ISSR an...
Horse immune response of recombinant Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine: Assessing the immunomodulatory impact of probiotic supplementation. Equine proliferative enteropathy (EPE), caused by Lawsonia intracellularis induces intestinal epithelial hyperplasia, resulting in malabsorption, weight loss, colic, and diarrhea. Despite its clinical and economic importance, no equine-specific vaccine is commercially available. Recombinant subunit vaccines are a safe and scalable alternative; however, their immunogenicity often requires improvement. Probiotic supplementation with Bacillus toyonensis may act as an immunomodulatory strategy to potentiate vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant protein ...
Pilot study: Effects of whole-body vibrational therapy on equine thoracolumbar epaxial muscle response to pressure algometry. Whole-body vibrational therapy (WBV) is well-studied in people, but there is a paucity of research regarding its effect on horses. It is suggested that the use of WBV in horses increases performance, aids in recovery, and stimulates nerves, bones, and muscles in ways that normal exercise does not. Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if frequent WBV therapy sessions affect mechanical nociceptive thresholds based on pressure algometry in horses without clinical signs of lameness or back pain. Methods: The mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) were measured for 5 horses...
Equine oviduct-specific glycoprotein is modulated by hormones and sperm cells. Oviduct glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) is a key protein involved in oviductal functions. β-estradiol (E) and progesterone (P), oxytocin (OXT) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) modulate the equine oviduct function, through prostaglandin regulation. The objective was to evaluate OVGP1 expression within each equine oviduct segment (infundibulum, ampulla isthmus), throughout the estrous cycle. The in vitro effect of (i) E, P, OXT, TNFα; and (ii) spermatozoa, on oviduct OVGP1 transcription and secretion was studied. Gene transcription was assessed by real-time PCR; protein expression by western blot; ...
Evaluation of the impact of acepromazine on tissue oxygenation in horses sedated with detomidine. Sedation with α₂-agonists can impair microcirculation and oxygen delivery. This prospective randomized crossover study investigated whether administering acepromazine maleate before detomidine hydrochloride maintains higher peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) in sedated horses. Eight healthy adult horses randomly received intravenous detomidine (10 μg/kg) either alone (D) or in combination with acepromazine (20 μg/kg; DA), with a one-week washout. Hemoglobin concentration and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) were measured at baseline. Tissue oxygen saturation, tissue ...
Impact of IL-6 and TGF-β1 on equine mesenchymal stromal cell homing gene expression. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) support wound healing through immunomodulation and by promoting tissue organization. Cell tracking studies demonstrate that MSCs must 'home' to injuries in order to participate in reparative processes. It has been reported that in vivo cell tracking labels, including superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs), can alter MSC homing. Homing is thought to occur in coordinated steps including tethering, activation, arrest, diapedesis, and migration, guided by chemotactic stimuli. Equine distal limb injuries, which are commonly treated with MSCs, possess a disti...
Biological effects of β-D-glucans from natural sources on equine health and performance: A review. This review highlights the role of β-glucans-specifically β(1 → 3), β(1 → 6), and β(1 → 4)-glucans-as water-soluble dietary fibres in animal nutrition and health. Sourced from yeast, plants, seaweed, and mushrooms, β-glucans differ in structure depending on origin, which affects their solubility and biological activity. Recent studies emphasize their therapeutic potential in horses, particularly for managing gastric ulcers, viral infections, immune dysfunction, and poor performance. The review summarizes data on effective dosages, formulations, and sources of β-glucans tailor...
Treatment of luteal phase mares with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole does not change characteristics of the estrous cycle, ovarian function, and embryo characteristics. Letrozole is a potent and highly selective third-generation aromatase inhibitor. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of letrozole treatment of non-pregnant mares on estrous cycle characteristics. Cyclic, non-lactating mares (n = 9) were included. After estrus synchronization, mares were monitored to detect ovulation (d0:) of the treatment cycle. Each three mares were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg body weight letrozole in three consecutive cycles (d7 to d13 of the treatment cycle). Mares were inseminated in the estrus after trea...
Behavioral and orthopedic issues in geldings with Postcastration adhesions: A retrospective study of 35 cases. Limited data is available on the diagnostic and therapeutic methods for pathologies caused by scarring after castration. It is well recognized that specific behaviors or untypical hindlimb lameness may be observed in geldings with gelding scars and adhesions caused by spermatic cord remnants after castration OBJECTIVES: To describe how to diagnose movement disorders associated with excessive adhesions caused by spermatic cord remnant after castration and to present a successful surgical treatment method. Methods: To assess the impact of gelding scars on horses' movement and behavior, medical r...
A cohort study of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in horses in Hawai’i. Equine nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSHP, Bighead Disease) is a consequence of diets with abnormal calcium: phosphorus ratios. With the widespread availability of fortified feeds and legume forage, the disease has largely disappeared. The Hawaiian Islands are unique in that legume forage is largely unavailable and pastures have high oxalate concentrations. This was a cohort study that included seventeen adult horses imported from the continental US to the Waiki'i region, Hawai'i that grazed on kikuyu grass pastures. Plasma ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations at...
MHC compatibility influences the interaction between different types of equine mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and the local immune response. The allogeneic administration of equine mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) has numerous advantages over autologous therapy, but their interactions with the patient's immune system need to be further elucidated. These interactions can be influenced by factors such as the compatibility between donor-receptor for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and by the MHC expression levels, which can change under different conditions like inflammatory exposure and chondrogeneic differentiation. In this study, we evaluated the local immune response induced by chondrogeneically differentiated (MSC...
Beyond rodents: The integral role of domestic animals in biomedical research. Annually, around 100 million vertebrate animals are utilized globally in biomedical research, with rodents, specifically mice and rats, being the most commonly used animals in laboratory settings. While rodent models have substantially advanced our understanding of basic biological mechanisms, the translation of these findings often benefits from the use of large animal models, which offer several key advantages for bridging preclinical research to human applications. Thus, domestic animals are increasingly recognized as valuable laboratory animal models to mirror human diseases, assess pharma...
Epigenetic signatures in in vitro-expanded equine chondrocytes induced by a histone deacetylase inhibitor. We have explored the impact of DNA methylation changes on gene transcription in expanded equine chondrocytes treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), Trichostatin A (TSA). The subjects were DNA and RNA samples prepared from articular cartilage cells derived from four animals in our previous study. Using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS), we determined differentially methylated sites (DMS) and regions (DMRs) in the genomes of TSA-treated cells. We linked them to gene differential expression, as obtained from 3' mRNA sequencing data and the single-locus quantifica...
Novel primers for the detection and differentiation of S. zooepidemicus and S. equi by PCR. Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a commensal opportunistic bacterium associated with outbreaks of equine respiratory disease alongside a diverse range of diseases in various species. The closely related Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is the causative agent of 'strangles', the most frequently diagnosed contagious equine disease. Despite differing clinical signs, the two subspecies share approximately 97 % DNA homology and respectively present serious equine health and welfare concerns. Currently there are few PCR assays targeting unique regions of...
Equine sarcoids from Southern Italy: Molecular and Histopathological characterization. This study investigated the presence of δ bovine papillomaviruses (BPV-1, BPV-2, BPV-13, BPV-14) in equine skin lesions from Southern Italy, focusing on equine sarcoids and their histopathological correlations. 63 equine skin samples were analysed using PCR and sequencing for BPV detection, and their histopathological features were assessed. BPV DNA was detected in 69.84% of the samples, with BPV-1 and BPV-2 being the most prevalent genotype, followed by BPV-13, while BPV-14 was not detected. BPV DNA was also found in non-sarcoid tumours and non-neoplastic conditions. Histopathological analys...
PRP and hyaluronic acid reduce synovitis in horses after arthroscopic OCD removal in Andalusian horses. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular (IA) injections of a combination of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on joint effusion following arthroscopic removal of OCD in the tarso-crural joint (TCJ) in young Andalusian horses. Methods: Forty Andalusian horses diagnosed with OCD of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (DIRT) were included in the study. Horses enrolled in this study had persisting synovial effusion after arthroscopic removal of OCD in the TCJ. A subjective semi-quantitative effusion score was adopted in the study to define the ...
Isolation of SSEA-3-positive mesenchymal stem cells from equine bone marrow and evaluation of their pluripotency. Generally, most mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have lower pluripotency and limited differentiation potential than embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, a small subpopulation of MSCs, called multilineage differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells, exhibit pluripotency. MUSE cells express stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3), a sphingoglycolipid. Here, we isolated and investigated the pluripotency of SSEA-3-positive MSCs (MUSE cells). Six thoroughbred horses were used as test subjects. MSCs were harvested from the bone marrow of the thoracic vertebrae under ultrasound guidance. Harvested...
Tenogenic potential of tendon-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated post-mortem: Impact of cryopreservation. In situ injection of mesenchymal stem cells appears as a promising treatment of tendinopathies. Tendon-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TDSCs) are widely studied and show a lot of interesting characteristics for clinical use. The aim of this study is to confirm the tenogenic potential of cryopreserved TDSCs and to confirm their ability to produce type I and/or type III collagens fibers in culture. Tendon-derived mesenchymal stem cells are harvested from the tendon no later than 72 h post-mortem. Their tenogenic potential has been assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain ...
