Determining factors and interspecific modeling for serum amyloid a concentrations in working horses, donkeys, and mules.
Abstract: Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein and α-globulin that is produced in the liver in response to inflammatory cytokines. Considered a major acute phase protein in most domestic species, its concentrations rapidly decrease after resolution of inflammation, making SAA measurement a useful tool for monitoring the course of inflammation in an individual animal. The objective of this study was to compare SAA values in working equids including mules, donkeys and horses as well as values for different diseases at various times of the year. Samples were collected from 77 equids; 13 mules, 17 donkeys and 47 horses from sick or injured animals who presented to the clinic. Twenty-eight disease clinical diagnoses were compared with most cases being acute colitis. A highly significant differences between species was found when comparing SAA concentrations of mules to horses (P < .001) using Dunn comparison pairwise test. A difference (P < .05) was found between donkeys and horses, but not donkeys to mules (P > .05). The study suggests that SAA can be a helpful tool for disease diagnosis in mules and donkeys and suggests that the inflammatory response of mules maybe less than that of horses and donkeys but future studies evaluating SAA in healthy mules compared to diseased should be conducted.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-07-09 PubMed ID: 31325640DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.07.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research article focuses on comparing Serum Amyloid A (SAA) values across different equines – mules, donkeys, and horses, aimed at understanding the relevance of SAA as a monitoring tool for inflammation in different disease states and during various times of the year.
Background and Objective
- The research primarily investigates SAA, an acute phase protein, and its production pattern in the liver amid inflammatory cytokines. SAA is considered a crucial acute phase protein in many domestic species. Owing to its rapid decrease after inflammation resolution, it serves as an effective monitoring tool.
- The main objective was to compare SAA values in working equines, including horses, donkeys, and mules, across various diseases and different times of the year.
Methodology
- 77 equids consisting of 47 horses, 17 donkeys, and 13 mules participated in the study. The samples were collected from the animals that were either sick or injured and presented at the clinic.
- The researchers then compared 28 disease clinical diagnoses, most of which were acute colitis cases.
Findings
- A significant different was observed when the researchers compared SAA concentrations in mules and horses using the Dunn comparison pairwise test (P < .001).
- There was also a statistical significant difference between donkeys and horses (P .05).
Conclusion and Future Work
- The study concludes that SAA can be a useful tool for disease diagnosis in donkeys and mules.
- The research indicates that the inflammatory response of mules may be lower than that of horses and donkeys. However, future research is recommended to study and compare SAA levels in healthy mules versus diseased ones to confirm this hypothesis.
Cite This Article
APA
Kay G, Tligui N, Semmate N, Azrib R, González FJN, Brizgys L, McLean A.
(2019).
Determining factors and interspecific modeling for serum amyloid a concentrations in working horses, donkeys, and mules.
Res Vet Sci, 125, 256-265.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.07.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- The American Fondouk Veterinary Clinic, Fes, Morocco.
- Institut Agronomic et Veterinaire, Rabat, Morocco.
- Institut Agronomic et Veterinaire, Rabat, Morocco.
- Institut Agronomic et Veterinaire, Rabat, Morocco.
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America.
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America. Electronic address: acmclean@ucdavis.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Equidae / blood
- Female
- Male
- Serum Amyloid A Protein / metabolism
- Species Specificity
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Mendoza FJ, Toribio RE. An Overview of Donkey Neonatology. Animals (Basel) 2025 Jul 6;15(13).
- Hao Y, Li B, Ma L, Xu M, Niu P, Bu Y. The complete mitochondrial genome of Cylicocyclus ultrajectinus (Ihle, 1920). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024;9(11):1518-1521.
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- Benedetti B, Freccero F, Barton J, Elmallah F, Refat S, Padalino B. A Retrospective Study on the Status of Working Equids Admitted to an Equine Clinic in Cairo: Disease Prevalence and Associations between Physical Parameters and Outcome. Animals (Basel) 2024 Mar 6;14(5).
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- Perez-Ecija A, Buzon-Cuevas A, Aguilera-Aguilera R, Gonzalez-De Cara C, Mendoza Garcia FJ. Reference intervals of acute phase proteins in healthy Andalusian donkeys and response to experimentally induced endotoxemia. J Vet Intern Med 2021 Jan;35(1):580-589.
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