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Home / Equine Research Bank / Molecules / Development of a Microsphere-Based Immunoassay Authenticatin...
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)2022; 27(10); 3199; doi: 10.3390/molecules27103199

Development of a Microsphere-Based Immunoassay Authenticating A2 Milk and Species Purity in the Milk Production Chain.

Abstract: Processed milk and milk products produced from bovine milk, commonly contain β-casein A1 (βCA1) and β-casein A2 (βCA2). Since the presence of βCA1 is linked to milk intolerance and digestion problems, A2A2 milk, which only contains βCA2, is proposed as a healthier alternative. To support this health claim, the purity of A2A2-milk has to be guaranteed. In the presented study, a multiplex immunoassay, able to distinguish between βCA2 and βCA1, was developed and real-life applicability was shown on raw milk samples from genotyped A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 cows. Because of its ability to discriminate between βCA2 and βCA1, this newly developed method was able to detect the addition of common bovine A1A2 milk to A2A2 milk, as low as 1%. Besides the detection of A2A2 milk purity, the developed assay can also be implemented as a rapid phenotyping method at dairy farms to replace the more invasive DNA-based screening. Additionally, the developed method was capable of detecting the addition of common bovine milk up to 1% in sheep, goat, buffalo, horse and donkey milk, which conforms to EU recommendations. In conclusion, a newly developed multiplex method capable of reliably detecting the dilution of A2A2 milk of multiple species, with common bovine milk up to 1%, is presented.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-17 PubMed ID: 35630686PubMed Central: PMC9144198DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103199Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research develops an immunoassay technique that can accurately distinguish between two types of β-casein proteins found in milk, ensuring the authenticity of A2A2 milk, a healthier alternative to common bovine milk. This method also detects even 1% of irregular additions to A2A2 milk and can also be used as a quick phenotyping method in dairy farms, replacing more invasive DNA-based screening.

Overview of the Research

  • The study revolves around the development of a multiplex immunoassay that is capable of distinguishing between two types of beta casein proteins found in milk – β-casein A1 (βCA1) and β-casein A2 (βCA2).
  • The importance of this research stems from the widely acknowledged fact that βCA1 is linked to milk intolerance and digestion problems in consumers. Thus, milk containing only βCA2, called A2A2 milk, is considered a healthier alternative.
  • This research is crucial because it is essential to guarantee the purity of A2A2 milk to back up this health claim.

Research Findings and Implications

  • The newly developed multiplex immunoassay showed considerable real-life utility when tested on raw milk samples taken from A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotyped cows.
  • One of the major breakthroughs from this research is the method’s ability to detect as low as 1% addition of common bovine A1A2 milk to A2A2 milk due to its capacity to discriminate between βCA2 and βCA1.
  • This method also has significant implications for the dairy industry because it can serve as a rapid phenotyping process at dairy farms, effectively replacing the more invasive DNA-based screening currently employed.
  • Besides the detection of A2A2 milk purity, the developed assay could detect the addition of common bovine milk up to 1% in sheep, goat, buffalo, horse and donkey milk. This ability is consistent with EU recommendations.
  • Thus, this newly developed multiplex method holds promise as an effective way to detect the dilution of A2A2 milk of multiple species with common bovine milk up to 1% and is presented as such in the research.

Cite This Article

APA
Elferink AJW, Entiriwaa D, Bulgarelli P, Smits NGE, Peters J. (2022). Development of a Microsphere-Based Immunoassay Authenticating A2 Milk and Species Purity in the Milk Production Chain. Molecules, 27(10), 3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103199

Publication

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1420-3049
NlmUniqueID: 100964009
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 10
PII: 3199

Researcher Affiliations

Elferink, Alexander J W
  • Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Entiriwaa, Deborah
  • Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
  • School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.
Bulgarelli, Paolo
  • Parmalat, Via delle Nazioni Unite 4, 43044 Collecchio, PR, Italy.
Smits, Nathalie G E
  • Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Peters, Jeroen
  • Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Caseins
  • Cattle
  • Female
  • Goats
  • Horses
  • Immunoassay
  • Microspheres
  • Milk
  • Sheep

Grant Funding

  • 780839 / European Union
  • TKI-AF-EU-18027 / TKI Agri & Food

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Daniloski D, McCarthy NA, Huppertz T, Vasiljevic T. What is the impact of amino acid mutations in the primary structure of caseins on the composition and functionality of milk and dairy products?. Curr Res Food Sci 2022;5:1701-1712.
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  2. Nuomin, Nguyen QD, Aodaohu, Nishino N. Frequency of β-Casein Gene Polymorphisms in Jersey Cows in Western Japan.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 15;12(16).
    doi: 10.3390/ani12162076pubmed: 36009666google scholar: lookup
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