Dickkopf-1 is present in equine platelet-rich plasma and correlates to platelet concentration.
Abstract: To determine if equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and, if so, to quantify the amount of Dkk-1 in bovine thrombin (BT)-activated PRP and a control platelet lysate created using a freeze-thaw (FT) method. Unassigned: 10 adult horses were used in this experimental study. Blood was collected and processed in November 2019 and stored at -80 °C until the ELISAs were performed in October of 2023. Blood was collected from each horse, and PRP was created using a commercially available kit. Known concentrations of platelets were activated using BT or by an FT cycle to create platelet lysates. Dickkopf-1 and platelet-derived growth factor concentrations were measured using ELISAs. Statistics included the Shapiro-Wilks test, Student t tests, linear regression, and Pearson or Spearman correlations (significant at P ≤ .05). Unassigned: Bovine thrombin created a greater release of Dkk-1 from platelets (250.22 ± 129.09 pg/mL from the combined clot and releasate) than the FT cycle (152.81 ± 62.74 pg/mL). There was a positive correlation between platelet concentration and Dkk-1 for both the FT (r = 0.69) and the BT activation method (r = 0.62). Platelet-derived growth factor was released in FT- and BT-activated PRP (FT = 530.35 ± 253.96 pg/mL; BT = 1391.05 ± 661.50 pg/mL). Unassigned: Dickkopf-1 is present in equine PRP and is correlated with platelet concentration. Although more investigation of the active proteins in PRP is needed, this study provides the first evidence that equine platelets contain Dkk-1. Unassigned: Equine PRP contains Dkk-1, which could contribute to PRP's mechanism of action.
Publication Date: 2025-01-30 PubMed ID: 39892398DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0335Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper examines the presence of the protein, Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), in equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its correlation to platelet concentration. The experiment involved extracting PRP from adult horses using bovine thrombin (BT) and a freeze-thaw (FT) method, and analysing the concentrations of Dkk-1 and platelet-derived growth factor.
Experiment Details
- For this experimental study, blood was collected from 10 adult horses in November 2019. The blood samples were then processed and stored at -80 °C until further analysis using ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) in October 2023.
- The collected blood was handled using a commercially available kit to produce platelet-rich plasma.
- Known concentrations of platelets were activated using BT or by an FT cycle to create platelet lysates.
- After activation, the concentrations of Dkk-1 and platelet-derived growth factors in the platelet lysates were measured using ELISA.
- The numerous statistical tests employed include: the Shapiro-Wilks test, Student t tests, linear regression, and Pearson or Spearman correlations. The results were deemed statistically significant at P ≤ .05.
- The bovine thrombin activation method resulted in greater release of Dkk-1 from platelets compared to the freeze-thaw cycle.
- There was a positive correlation between the concentration of platelets and Dkk-1 for both the FT and the BT activation method.
- Platelet-derived growth factor was released in both FT- and BT-activated PRP.
- Dkk-1 is found to be present in equine PRP and its concentration correlates to platelet concentration.
- Further investigation is required to study the active proteins in PRP. However, this research study is the first to provide evidence that equine platelets contain Dkk-1.
Statistical Analysis
Results
Conclusion
In summary, the protein Dkk-1, identified in equine PRP, could play a part in the PRP’s mechanism of action.
Cite This Article
APA
Boger BL, Kinsley MA, Yob CJ, Knott LE, Manfredi JM.
(2025).
Dickkopf-1 is present in equine platelet-rich plasma and correlates to platelet concentration.
Am J Vet Res, 86(4).
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.11.0335 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
- Loomis Basin Equine Medical Center, Penryn, CA.
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Horses / blood
- Platelet-Rich Plasma / chemistry
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / blood
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
- Platelet Count / veterinary
- Blood Platelets
- Male
- Cattle
- Female
- Thrombin
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