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Home / Equine Research Bank / Environ Health Perspect / Dietary exposure to cadmium and health effects: impact of en...
Environmental health perspectives1985; 63; 127-132; doi: 10.1289/ehp.8563127

Dietary exposure to cadmium and health effects: impact of environmental changes.

Abstract: Cadmium exposure, metabolism, and effects are described especially in relation to dietary intakes. Data on dietary intakes in several countries have been complied from studies using the duplicate diet method or fecal analysis. These two methods seem to give more accurate data than estimates based on cadmium concentrations in food classes and food consumption (composite method). The present data on absorption and retention of ingested cadmium indicate that normally less than 5% is ingested, but absorption may increase in women who have iron deficiency. Earlier estimates of the critical concentration in renal cortex being about 200 mg/kg wet weight still seem to be valid. New information is available on present renal levels and their distribution in the general population. The present margin of safety with regard to risk for renal effects is small. To predict future health risks from increases in dietary cadmium due to environmental changes such as acid deposition, it is necessary that the models used are based on correct assumptions. Of interest are the distributions of dietary intake, gastrointestinal absorption, and renal cadmium concentrations. These distributions are normal or lognormal, and since standard deviations are used when estimating risks, it is of paramount importance that the standard deviations are estimated as accurately as possible. At present it is not possible to quantify the effects attributed to acid rain only; account must be also be taken of cadmium added to, e.g., soil by use of sewage sludge and other fertilizers. In addition to risks to human health, cadmium also poses a threat to horses, which generally have renal cadmium concentrations several times higher than adult humans. It is recommended that horses should be monitored in areas when acid deposition is high. Such monitoring might provide valuable information about impact of acid rain.
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Publication Date: 1985-11-01 PubMed ID: 4076079PubMed Central: PMC1568509DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8563127Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article explores the impact and health effects of dietary exposure to cadmium, especially in relation to environmental changes like acid deposition. The study examines cadmium’s absorption, retention, and effects in humans and horses, highlighting the need for accurate assessments of dietary intake, gastrointestinal absorption, and renal cadmium concentrations for effective risk estimation.

Understanding Cadmium Exposure and Metabolism

  • The article brings attention to the issue of cadmium exposure, its metabolism, and effects with a particular focus on dietary intakes. This is of great concern since cadmium is a potent metal contaminant that can be harmful to health.
  • Data on dietary intake from various countries have been compiled from studies that use either the duplicate diet method or fecal analysis.
  • The researchers found that these two methods provide more accurate data than estimates based on cadmium concentrations in food and food consumption level.

Cadmium Absorption and Its Impact

  • The research details on the absorption and retention of ingested cadmium, indicating that under normal circumstances, less than 5% is ingested.
  • However, absorption may increase in women who have iron deficiency. This is a crucial finding because it connects nutritional deficiency to possible higher exposure to heavy metal toxicity.

Need for Correct Assumptions in Predictive Models

  • The research paper underscores the need for correct assumptions when creating models to predict future health risks related to increasing dietary cadmium due to environmental changes.
  • Three main factors form a pivotal part of these models: dietary intake, gastrointestinal absorption, and renal cadmium concentrations.
  • The article emphasizes that these distributions are normal or lognormal, making it pivotal that standard deviation, used for risk estimation, is accurately measured.

Environmental Factors and Cadmium

  • The impact of acid deposition is particularly important. Acid rain can add cadmium to soil, thereby indirectly increasing dietary ingestion of cadmium. The article points out that it’s currently not possible to isolate the effects attributed to acid rain alone.
  • Simultaneously, considerations must be given to other environmental factors that contribute to cadmium input in the environment like use of sewage sludge and other fertilizers.
  • The threat is not limited to human health. It highlights the higher cadmium renal concentrations in horses and recommends monitoring them in high acid deposition areas. Such study might provide essential data concerning the influence of acid rain.

Cite This Article

APA
Piscator M. (1985). Dietary exposure to cadmium and health effects: impact of environmental changes. Environ Health Perspect, 63, 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8563127

Publication

Environmental health perspectives
ISSN: 0091-6765
NlmUniqueID: 0330411
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 63
Pages: 127-132

Researcher Affiliations

Piscator, M

    MeSH Terms

    • Age Factors
    • Animals
    • Cadmium / metabolism
    • Cadmium / toxicity
    • Diet
    • Environmental Exposure
    • Female
    • Humans
    • Intestinal Absorption
    • Kidney / metabolism
    • Kidney Diseases / chemically induced
    • Male
    • Risk

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    Citations

    This article has been cited 10 times.
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