Differences in pulmonary functional indices derived from the single-breath diagram for CO2 (SBD-CO2) in horses related to age, sex and usage.
Abstract: Although pulmonary function tests have been used to evaluate horses with clinically normal lungs and those with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), comprehensive studies of equine respiratory function, considering factors such as sex, age and usage are not available. Studies on the influence of these factors on pulmonary function in healthy horses are required for interpretation of measurements made in those with respiratory disease. The study was performed with 63 warmblood horses and the status of their pulmonary health was evaluated by clinical examination. The functional aspect of pulmonary health was assessed by indices derived from the single-breath diagram for CO2 (SBD-CO2). Differences in pulmonary functional indices between the sexes, age groups and usage groups adjusted for pulmonary health were analysed with hierarchical linear models. It was shown that the effects on pulmonary function of age, sex and usage of a horse were significant and have to be considered when establishing the true pulmonary functional status of a horse suffering from RAO. The multivariate statistical model used included the covariates age, sex and sporting discipline of the horses and accounted for the complex, non-linear interactions between the different covariates.
Publication Date: 2002-09-21 PubMed ID: 12241100DOI: 10.1023/a:1020542525785Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Age Factors
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Physiology
- Pulmonary Health
- Recurrent Airway Obstruction
- Respiratory Health
- Statistical Analysis
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Warmblood Horses
Summary
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The research article presents a study done on 63 warmblood horses that explores how factors such as age, sex, and usage influence their pulmonary function. The findings from the study highlight the importance of considering these factors when determining the true pulmonary health of a horse, particularly in horses suffering from Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO).
Research Overview
- This research aims to offer a more comprehensive understanding of equine respiratory function by considering several influencing factors such as age, sex, and usage. This comprehensive approach is lacking in existing research material.
- The study recognizes that an understanding of these factors in healthy horses is necessary for appropriate interpretation of measurements done in horses with respiratory diseases.
Procedure and Assessment
- Data for the study was collected from a sample size of 63 warmblood horses. This sample was subjected to clinical examination to evaluate their pulmonary health.
- The functional aspect of respiratory health was assessed using the single-breath diagram for CO2 (SBD-CO2) which gives pulmonary indices.
- These indices were then analyzed with reference to the horse’s age, sex, and usage, and these are compared while adjusting for pulmonary health.
- In order to do this, hierarchical linear models were employed.
Results and Conclusion
- Results show that the age, sex, and usage of a horse significantly impact their pulmonary function. These factors must therefore be considered when trying to establish a horse’s actual pulmonary health.
- This understanding is critical especially when dealing with horses suffering from Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO).
- To account for the intricate and non-linear interactions between the individual factors (age, sex, usage), the study utilized a multivariate statistical model which included these as covariates.
Cite This Article
APA
Herholz C, Straub R, Lüthi S, Imhof A, Busato A.
(2002).
Differences in pulmonary functional indices derived from the single-breath diagram for CO2 (SBD-CO2) in horses related to age, sex and usage.
Vet Res Commun, 26(6), 467-478.
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1020542525785 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Equine Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
MeSH Terms
- Aging / physiology
- Animals
- Blood Gas Analysis / veterinary
- Carbon Dioxide / analysis
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Linear Models
- Lung / physiology
- Male
- Respiration
- Respiration Disorders / diagnosis
- Respiration Disorders / physiopathology
- Respiration Disorders / veterinary
- Respiratory Function Tests / veterinary
- Sex Characteristics
References
This article includes 12 references
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