Differences in replication kinetics and cell tropism between neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent EHV1 strains during the acute phase of infection in horses.
Abstract: Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) replicates in the respiratory tract of horses, after which infected leukocytes transport virus throughout the body, resulting in abortion or nervous system disorders. Two EHV1 strains circulate in the field: neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent. To investigate differences in replication in the upper respiratory tract (URT), an experimental inoculation study in ponies was performed with both strains. Two groups of six ponies, were inoculated intranasally with 10(6.5) TCID(50) of either strain. Clinical signs, nasal shedding and viremia were evaluated. At early time points post-inoculation (pi), one pony of each group was euthanized. Tissues were collected for titration and immunostainings. Number and size of EHV1-induced plaques were calculated, and individual EHV1-infected cells were quantified and characterized. Inoculation with either strain resulted in nasal shedding and replication in several tissues of the URT. Both strains replicated in a plaquewise manner in epithelium of the nasal mucosa, but replication in epithelium of the nasopharynx was largely limited to non-neurovirulent EHV1. Plaques were never able to cross the basement membrane, but individual infected cells were noticed in the connective tissue of all examined tissues for both strains. The total number of these cells however, was 3-7 times lower with non-neurovirulent EHV1 compared to neurovirulent EHV1. CD172a(+) cells and CD5(+) lymphocytes were important target cells for both strains. Interestingly, in lymph nodes, B-lymphocytes were also important target cells for EHV1, irrespective of the strain. Viremia was detected very early pi and infected cells were mainly CD172a(+) for both strains. In summary, these results are valuable for understanding EHV1 pathogenesis at the port of entry, the URT.
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2009-10-28 PubMed ID: 19926232DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.015Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article is about a study conducted on horses to understand the differences in replication and cell tropism between neurovirulent (disease causing) and non-neurovirulent strains of Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1), particularly, during the acute phase of infection.
Objective of Research
- The research was aimed at examining and understanding the differences in replication kinetics and the cells they infect (cell tropism) between neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent strains of the Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1).
- The investigation focused on the replication in the upper respiratory tract (URT), which is the initial site of infection.
Methodology
- Two groups of six ponies each were set up for the study. They were intranasally administered with dosages of either the neurovirulent or non-neurovirulent strain of EHV1.
- Post-inoculation, clinical signs, nasal shedding and viremia (presence of virus in the blood) were evaluated.
- At different time intervals, one pony from each group was euthanized and their tissues were collected for further analysis.
- This analysis involved calculating the number and size of EHV1-induced plaques, quantifying and characterizing individual EHV1-infected cells.
Findings and Results
- Inoculation with either strain led to nasal shedding and replication within several tissues of the upper respiratory tract.
- Both strains were found to replicate in a plaquewise manner in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa. However, replication in the epithelium of the nasopharynx was predominantly confined to non-neurovirulent EHV1.
- The infected cells were noticed in the connective tissue of all examined tissues for both strains, but the total number of these cells was 3-7 times lower with non-neurovirulent EHV1 compared to neurovirulent EHV1.
- CD172a(+) cells and CD5(+) lymphocytes were identified as primary target cells for both strains. In lymph nodes though, B-lymphocytes also were important target cells for EHV1, regardless of the strain.
Implications
- The study findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of EHV1, especially how the virus behaves at its point of entry — the upper respiratory tract.
- This information could be crucial in devising prevention strategies and treatments for infections caused by this virus in horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Gryspeerdt AC, Vandekerckhove AP, Garré B, Barbé F, Van de Walle GR, Nauwynck HJ.
(2009).
Differences in replication kinetics and cell tropism between neurovirulent and non-neurovirulent EHV1 strains during the acute phase of infection in horses.
Vet Microbiol, 142(3-4), 242-253.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.015 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral / blood
- Cell Line
- Epithelium / virology
- Herpesviridae Infections / physiopathology
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / pathogenicity
- Horse Diseases / physiopathology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Male
- Rabbits
- Respiratory System / virology
- Viremia / physiopathology
- Viremia / veterinary
- Viremia / virology
- Virus Replication / physiology
Citations
This article has been cited 21 times.- Van Crombrugge E, Vanbeylen E, Van Cleemput J, Van den Broeck W, Laval K, Nauwynck H. Bacterial Toxins from Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella bronchiseptica Predispose the Horse's Respiratory Tract to Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection.. Viruses 2022 Jan 14;14(1).
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