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Veterinary research2012; 43(1); 61; doi: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-61

The role of glycoprotein H of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) in cellular host range and integrin binding.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) glycoprotein H (gH) has been hypothesized to play a role in direct fusion of the virus envelope with cellular membranes. To investigate gH's role in infection, an EHV-1 mutant lacking gH was created and the gH genes were exchanged between EHV-1 and EHV-4 to determine if gH affects cellular entry and/or host range. In addition, a serine-aspartic acid-isoleucine (SDI) integrin-binding motif present in EHV-1 gH was mutated as it was presumed important in cell entry mediated by binding to α4β1 or α4β7 integrins. We here document that gH is essential for EHV-1 replication, plays a role in cell-to-cell spread and significantly affects plaque size and growth kinetics. Moreover, we could show that α4β1 and α4β7 integrins are not essential for viral entry of EHV-1 and EHV-4, and that viral entry is not affected in equine cells when the integrins are inaccessible.
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Publication Date: 2012-08-21 PubMed ID: 22909178PubMed Central: PMC3522555DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-61Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the role of a specific protein, glycoprotein H (gH), in facilitating the infection process of Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4. Through experimentations, the researchers found that gH is crucial for virus replication and has significant influence on its growth and distribution within cells. The study also demonstrated that two specific integrins, α4β1 and α4β7, do not affect the viruses’ capability to enter cells.

About the Research

The main purpose of the research is to study the role of glycoprotein H (gH) of Equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) in the infection process. The scientists leveraged laboratory experiments to isolate these two types of herpesviruses and analyzed the function of the gH protein in the context of virus replication and cellular entry mechanism.

  • The research was initiated by creating an EHV-1 mutant that lacked gH.
  • The gH genes of EHV-1 and EHV-4 were swapped to observe if the genetic changes could affect the viruses’ host range and cellular entry capabilities.
  • A specific motif in EHV-1 gH, known as a serine-aspartic acid-isoleucine (SDI) integrin-binding motif, was mutated to determine its role in cell entry through binding to α4β1 or α4β7 integrins.

Key Findings

The key findings from this study allow for a better understanding of how EHV-1 and EHV-4 function and interact with host cells. The main findings and conclusions highlighted are listed below:

  • The gH protein was found to be essential for EHV-1 replication.
  • This protein also significantly affected how the virus spread from cell to cell, as well as the overall growth kinetics and plaque size of the virus.
  • The study also outlined the discovery that α4β1 and α4β7 integrins are not essential for the virus’s entry into host cells. This was determined through the observation that the viral entry was not affected in equine cells even when these integrins were inaccessible.
  • Despite the initial hypothesis, the mutated SDI integrin-binding motif didn’t influence the mechanism of cell entry.

This research provides valuable insights into the role and functioning of viral proteins, specifically gH, in the infection processes of herpesviruses, which could potentially pave ways for targeted antiviral therapies in the future.

Cite This Article

APA
Azab W, Zajic L, Osterrieder N. (2012). The role of glycoprotein H of equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) in cellular host range and integrin binding. Vet Res, 43(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-43-61

Publication

Veterinary research
ISSN: 1297-9716
NlmUniqueID: 9309551
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 61

Researcher Affiliations

Azab, Walid
  • Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, Haus 18, 10115, Berlin, Germany. wfazab@zedat.fu-berlin.de.
Zajic, Lara
    Osterrieder, Nikolaus

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
      • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
      • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
      • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / growth & development
      • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
      • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / genetics
      • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / growth & development
      • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / physiology
      • Horse Diseases / virology
      • Horses
      • Host Specificity
      • Integrins / metabolism
      • Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
      • Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism
      • Viral Plaque Assay / veterinary
      • Virus Replication

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