Differences in total protein concentration, nucleated cell count, and red blood cell count among sequential samples of cerebrospinal fluid from horses.
Abstract: To examine total protein concentration and cell counts of sequentially collected samples of CSF to determine whether blood contamination decreases in subsequent samples and whether formulas used to correct nucleated cell count and total protein concentration are accurate. Methods: Case series. Methods: 22 horses. Methods: For each horse, 3 or 4 sequential 2-ml samples of CSF were collected from the subarachnoid space in the lumbosacral region into separate syringes, and blood was obtained from the jugular vein. Total protein concentration, nucleated cell count, and RBC counts were determined in all samples. Results: Among 3 sequential samples, total protein concentration and RBC count were significantly lower in samples 2 and 3, compared with sample 1. Nucleated cell count was significantly lower in sample 3, compared with sample 1. Among 4 sequential samples, total protein concentration and RBC count were significantly lower in samples 2, 3, and 4, compared with sample 1. Nucleated cell count was significantly lower in samples 3 and 4, compared with sample 1. For 3 correction formulas, significant differences in corrected values for nucleated cell count and total protein concentration were detected between sample 1 and sample 3 or 4. Conclusions: Because iatrogenic blood contamination decreases in sequential CSF samples, a minimum of 3 samples should be collected before submitting the final sample for analysis. Formulas to correct nucleated cell count and total protein concentration are inaccurate and should not be used to correct for blood contamination in CSF samples.
Publication Date: 2000-07-26 PubMed ID: 10909447DOI: 10.2460/javma.2000.217.54Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Blood
- Blood Analysis
- Case Reports
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Laboratory Methods
- Red Blood Cells
- Total Protein
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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This study investigates the differences in total protein concentration and cell counts in sequential samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from horses. The researchers concluded that blood contamination decreases in subsequent samples and that existing formulas for correcting nucleated cell count and total protein concentration are inaccurate.
Research Methodology
- The study used a series of 22 horses to gather data.
- For each horse involved in the study, three or four sequential 2-ml samples of CSF were taken from the subarachnoid space in the lumbosacral region. These samples were collected into separate syringes, and blood was also extracted from the jugular vein of the horses.
- Each sample was examined to determine total protein concentration, nucleated cell count, and red blood cell count.
Results and Findings
- In a sequence of three samples, both the total protein concentration and red blood cell count were significantly lower in the second and third samples compared to the first.
- The nucleated cell count was notably lower in the third sample compared to the first one.
- In the case of a sequence of four samples, the protein concentration and RBC count were substantially lower in the latter three samples compared to the first sample.
- The nucleated cell count was significantly lower in the third and fourth samples, compared to the initial sample.
- The research discovered a significant discrepancy in the corrected values for nucleated cell count and total protein concentration when comparing the first sample with the third or fourth. These values were derived using three correction formulas.
Conclusions
- The researchers concluded that sequential CSF samples from horses reveal a decrease in iatrogenic blood contamination. Hence, they recommend collecting a minimum of three samples before submitting the final sample for analysis.
- Furthermore, the study deems the correction formulas for nucleated cell count and total protein concentration as inaccurate. Hence, these formulas should not be applied to correct for blood contamination in CSF samples.
Cite This Article
APA
Sweeney CR, Russell GE.
(2000).
Differences in total protein concentration, nucleated cell count, and red blood cell count among sequential samples of cerebrospinal fluid from horses.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 217(1), 54-57.
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2000.217.54 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348-1692, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Ataxia / cerebrospinal fluid
- Ataxia / veterinary
- Cell Count / veterinary
- Cerebrospinal Fluid / chemistry
- Cerebrospinal Fluid / cytology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / analysis
- Erythrocyte Count / veterinary
- Horse Diseases / cerebrospinal fluid
- Horses / cerebrospinal fluid
- Reference Values
- Specimen Handling / veterinary
- Spinal Cord Diseases / cerebrospinal fluid
- Spinal Cord Diseases / veterinary
- Spinal Puncture / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Puerto-Parada M, Arango-Sabogal JC, Bilodeau MÈ, Bédard C, Francoz D, Desrochers A, Nichols S, Fecteau G. Interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid analysis from recumbent cows using different thresholds of red blood cell count.. J Vet Intern Med 2022 Sep;36(5):1837-1842.
- Chidlow H, Giguère S, Camus M, Wells B, Berghaus R, McConachie Beasley E. The effect of prior thecal puncture on cerebrospinal fluid analytes in normal adult horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Sep;34(5):2117-2121.
- Chidlow H, Giguère S, Camus M, Wells B, Howerth E, Berghaus R, McConachie Beasley E. Comparison of 2 collection methods for cerebrospinal fluid analysis from standing, sedate adult horses.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):972-978.
- Lampe R, Foss KD, Vitale S, Hague DW, Barger AM. Comparison of cerebellomedullary and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid analysis in dogs with neurological disease.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Mar;34(2):838-843.
- Braun U, Attiger J, Brammertz C. Ultrasonographic examination of the spinal cord and collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the atlanto-occipital space in cattle.. BMC Vet Res 2015 Sep 2;11:227.
- Steinberg TA, Boettcher IC, Matiasek K, Hirschvogel K, Hartmann K, Kunz A, Fischer A. Use of albumin quotient and IgG index to differentiate blood- vs brain-derived proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of cats with feline infectious peritonitis.. Vet Clin Pathol 2008 Jun;37(2):207-16.
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