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Journal of medical virology2004; 74(3); 507-513; doi: 10.1002/jmv.20205

Different chemokine expression in lethal and non-lethal murine West Nile virus infection.

Abstract: West Nile (WN) virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause lethal encephalitis in humans and horses. The WN virus endemic in New York City (NY) in 1999 caused large-scale mortality of wild birds that was not evident in endemic areas in other parts of the world, and the pathogenesis of the WN virus strain isolated in NY (NY strain) appears to differ from that of previously isolated strains. However, the pathogenesis of NY strain infection remains unclear. This study examined CC (RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1 alpha/CCL3, MIP-1 beta/CCL4) and CXC (IP-10/CXCL10, B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13), and B cell- and monocyte-activating chemokine (BMAC/CXCL14)) chemokine expression during lethal NY strain and non-lethal Eg101 strain infection in mice. We found that the mRNA of the CC chemokines, RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and IP-10 was highly up-regulated in the brain of NY strain-infected mice. By contrast, BLC mRNA was not detected in either group of mice, and BMAC mRNA was highly up-regulated in late stage of infection with the non-lethal Eg101 strain relative to levels in NY strain-infected mice.
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Publication Date: 2004-09-16 PubMed ID: 15368509DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20205Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The researchers investigated the expression of specific chemokines (signaling proteins) during lethal and non-lethal West Nile virus infections in mice. They found differences in the levels of these chemokines expressed, which may shed light on the pathogenesis of the disease.

Chemokines and West Nile Virus Infection

Chemokines are small proteins that play important roles in directing the movement of white blood cells to infected or damaged tissues and in regulating the immune response to infections. In this experiment, the researchers investigated the expression of two groups of chemokines, known as CC (RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1 alpha/CCL3, MIP-1 beta/CCL4) and CXC (IP-10/CXCL10, B lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC/CXCL13), and B cell- and monocyte-activating chemokine (BMAC/CXCL14)), during lethal and non-lethal strains of West Nile virus infection in mice. The viral strains used were the West Nile virus NY strain and Eg101 strain.

  • The West Nile Virus (WNV) is commonly transmitted to animals and humans through mosquito bites. Lethal outcomes often include encephalitis, inflammation of the brain.
  • The NY strain is known for causing large-scale mortality of wild birds and distinct pathogenesis in humans, which differs from other West Nile virus strains.
  • Eg101 is a naturally attenuated strain of the West Nile virus that does not cause a severe disease in mice.

Differences in CC and CXC Chemokine expression

The researchers found varied levels of expression for the investigated chemokines during infection with the different strains of the West Nile virus:

  • The mRNA of the CC chemokines RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and IP-10 was greatly up-regulated in the brains of mice infected with the lethal NY strain. This means that the genes of these chemokines were highly active, leading to their increased production and presence. As these chemokines are associated with immune response, their over-expression could be linked to intense inflammation and neuro-damage associated with lethal West Nile virus infections.
  • Interestingly, the chemokine BLC’s mRNA was not detected in either group of infected mice, indicating that it might not be involved in the mouse’s immune response to West Nile virus infection.
  • Peculiarly, the BMAC mRNA was significantly up-regulated at the late stage of infection with the non-lethal Eg101 strain in comparison to the levels in NY strain-infected mice. This insights that BMAC might have a protective role in non-lethal West Nile virus infections.

Significance of the Study

Understanding differences in the immune response to lethal and non-lethal West Nile virus infection could offer important insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and uncover potential targets for prevention and treatment strategies. More research is necessary to fully understand the role of these chemokines and their implication in the severity and outcome of West Nile virus infections. Additionally, the study’s findings could potentially apply to other viruses in the flavivirus genus, which includes viruses like Zika and Dengue, as they all share similar infection and replication mechanisms.

Cite This Article

APA
Shirato K, Kimura T, Mizutani T, Kariwa H, Takashima I. (2004). Different chemokine expression in lethal and non-lethal murine West Nile virus infection. J Med Virol, 74(3), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20205

Publication

Journal of medical virology
ISSN: 0146-6615
NlmUniqueID: 7705876
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 74
Issue: 3
Pages: 507-513

Researcher Affiliations

Shirato, Kazuya
  • Laboratory of Public Health, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
Kimura, Takashi
    Mizutani, Tetsuya
      Kariwa, Hiroaki
        Takashima, Ikuo

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Base Sequence
          • Birds / virology
          • Brain / immunology
          • Chemokines / genetics
          • Gene Expression
          • Humans
          • Mice
          • Mice, Inbred BALB C
          • Neutralization Tests
          • New York City
          • RNA, Messenger / genetics
          • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
          • Species Specificity
          • Spleen / immunology
          • West Nile Fever / genetics
          • West Nile Fever / immunology
          • West Nile Fever / virology
          • West Nile virus / immunology
          • West Nile virus / isolation & purification
          • West Nile virus / pathogenicity

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