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International journal of molecular sciences2020; 21(19); 7071; doi: 10.3390/ijms21197071

Differential Production of Cartilage ECM in 3D Agarose Constructs by Equine Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Abstract: Identification of articular cartilage progenitor cells (ACPCs) has opened up new opportunities for cartilage repair. These cells may be used as alternatives for or in combination with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cartilage engineering. However, their potential needs to be further investigated, since only a few studies have compared ACPCs and MSCs when cultured in hydrogels. Therefore, in this study, we compared chondrogenic differentiation of equine ACPCs and MSCs in agarose constructs as monocultures and as zonally layered co-cultures under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. ACPCs and MSCs exhibited distinctly differential production of the cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM). For ACPC constructs, markedly higher glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents were determined by histological and quantitative biochemical evaluation, both in normoxia and hypoxia. Differential GAG production was also reflected in layered co-culture constructs. For both cell types, similar staining for type II collagen was detected. However, distinctly weaker staining for undesired type I collagen was observed in the ACPC constructs. For ACPCs, only very low alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a marker of terminal differentiation, was determined, in stark contrast to what was found for MSCs. This study underscores the potential of ACPCs as a promising cell source for cartilage engineering.
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Publication Date: 2020-09-25 PubMed ID: 32992847PubMed Central: PMC7582568DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197071Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study explores the potential of Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells (ACPCs) as a viable source for cartilage repair. The study specifically compares the chondrogenic differentiation and production of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) of ACPCs and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) when cultured in gel-like structures.

Origins and Aims

  • The discovery of ACPCs has presented new possibilities in term of cartilage repair. The study therefore aims to explore these potentials, particularly conccerning their use alone or alongside MSCs for cartilage engineering.
  • In this research, equine ACPCs and MSCs were cultured in three-dimensional agarose constructs, both separately and together in co-cultures, under both normal and low oxygen conditions.

Findings and Results

  • Both ACPCs and MSCs produced distinctly different amounts of ECM. Of the two, ACPC constructs had noticeably higher amounts of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), critical for the support and binding of cells in the cartilage.
  • The high levels of GAG were consistent in both normal and low oxygen conditions and the co-cultures reflected similar GAG production patterns.
  • Both cell types had similar staining results for type II collagen, a protein found in human cartilage. However, ACPCs showed remarkably less staining for type I collagen, which is not typically found in cartilage and is therefore undesirable.

Implications

  • ACPC constructs displayed only low levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity. ALP is a marker of terminal differentiation, the process by which cells become specialised, and high levels could indicate potential cellular senescence, or aging. The contrastingly high readings for MSCs signified a pronounced divergence between the two cell types.
  • The research emphasizes the potential of ACPCs as a promising option for cartilage engineering. This finding could have lasting implications in the field of human medicine, particularly concerning treatments for damaged or degenerating cartilage, such as in cases of arthritis.

Cite This Article

APA
Schmidt S, Abinzano F, Mensinga A, Teßmar J, Groll J, Malda J, Levato R, Blunk T. (2020). Differential Production of Cartilage ECM in 3D Agarose Constructs by Equine Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci, 21(19), 7071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197071

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 19
PII: 7071

Researcher Affiliations

Schmidt, Stefanie
  • Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Abinzano, Florencia
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mensinga, Anneloes
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Teßmar, Jörg
  • Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Groll, Jürgen
  • Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
Malda, Jos
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Levato, Riccardo
  • Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Blunk, Torsten
  • Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cartilage, Articular / cytology
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chondrogenesis
  • Horses
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Stem Cells / cytology
  • Tissue Engineering

Grant Funding

  • 309962 / Seventh Framework Programme
  • 326998133 (SFB TRR 225) / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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