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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / Discerning an effective balance between equine infectious an...
Journal of virology2005; 79(5); 2666-2677; doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.5.2666-2677.2005

Discerning an effective balance between equine infectious anemia virus attenuation and vaccine efficacy.

Abstract: Among the diverse experimental vaccines evaluated in various animal lentivirus models, live attenuated vaccines have proven to be the most effective, thus providing an important model for examining critical immune correlates of protective vaccine immunity. We previously reported that an experimental live attenuated vaccine for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), based on mutation of the viral S2 accessory gene, elicited protection from detectable infection by virulent virus challenge (F. Li et al., J. Virol. 77:7244-7253, 2003). To better understand the critical components of EIAV vaccine efficacy, we examine here the relationship between the extent of virus attenuation, the maturation of host immune responses, and vaccine efficacy in a comparative study of three related attenuated EIAV proviral vaccine strains: the previously described EIAV(UK)DeltaS2 derived from a virulent proviral clone, EIAV(UK)DeltaS2/DU containing a second gene mutation in the virulent proviral clone, and EIAV(PR)DeltaS2 derived from a reference avirulent proviral clone. Inoculations of parallel groups of eight horses resulted in relatively low levels of viral replication (average of 10(2) to 10(3) RNA copies/ml) and a similar maturation of EIAV envelope-specific antibody responses as determined in quantitative and qualitative serological assays. However, experimental challenge of the experimentally immunized horses by our standard virulent EIAV(PV) strain by using a low-dose multiple exposure protocol (three inoculations with 10 median horse infective doses, administered intravenously) revealed a marked difference in the protective efficacy of the various attenuated proviral vaccine strains that was evidently associated with the extent of vaccine virus attenuation, time of viral challenge, and the apparent maturation of virus-specific immunity.
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Publication Date: 2005-02-15 PubMed ID: 15708986PubMed Central: PMC548432DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.5.2666-2677.2005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how a correctly balanced live attenuated vaccine can provide protection against equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) without causing harmful infection. The researchers examined the relationship between the degree of virus attenuation, the development of host immune responses, and vaccine efficacy.

Objective and Background of the Study

  • The goal of this research was to better comprehend the essential components of EIAV vaccine efficacy. They wanted to determine how the level of virus attenuation (weakening of the virus), the maturation of host immune responses, and vaccine efficacy are linked.
  • Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a significant disease in horses with live attenuated vaccines being one of the most effective methods to control the disease.
  • The team had previously developed an experimental live attenuated vaccine for EIAV, based on mutation of the viral S2 accessory gene, and found it afforded protection from detectable infection.

Methodology

  • The research compared three related attenuated EIAV proviral vaccine strains: EIAV(UK)DeltaS2, EIAV(UK)DeltaS2/DU, and EIAV(PR)DeltaS2.
  • These vaccines were given to parallel groups of eight horses ensuing in relatively low levels of viral replication and similar maturation of EIAV envelope-specific antibody responses.
  • The immunized horses were later challenged with the EIAV(PV) strain using a low-dose multiple exposure protocol.

Findings and Conclusion

  • The outcomes of the experiment showed a noticeable difference in how the distinct attenuated proviral vaccine strains protected the horses. This variability seemed to be linked to factors such as the degree of vaccine virus attenuation, the timing of the viral challenge, and the maturation of virus-specific immunity.
  • The study concludes that live attenuated vaccines can be effective in preventing EIAV if properly balanced in terms of virus attenuation and the development of a suitable host immune response.

Cite This Article

APA
Craigo JK, Li F, Steckbeck JD, Durkin S, Howe L, Cook SJ, Issel C, Montelaro RC. (2005). Discerning an effective balance between equine infectious anemia virus attenuation and vaccine efficacy. J Virol, 79(5), 2666-2677. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.5.2666-2677.2005

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 79
Issue: 5
Pages: 2666-2677

Researcher Affiliations

Craigo, Jodi K
  • Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, W1144 Biomedical Science Tower, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Li, Feng
    Steckbeck, Jonathan D
      Durkin, Shannon
        Howe, Laryssa
          Cook, Sheila J
            Issel, Charles
              Montelaro, Ronald C

                MeSH Terms

                • Animals
                • Antibodies, Viral / blood
                • Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
                • Equine Infectious Anemia / prevention & control
                • Equine Infectious Anemia / virology
                • Female
                • Genes, Viral
                • Horses
                • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
                • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
                • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / pathogenicity
                • Male
                • Mutation
                • Time Factors
                • Vaccines, Attenuated / genetics
                • Vaccines, Attenuated / pharmacology
                • Viral Proteins / genetics
                • Viral Proteins / immunology
                • Viral Vaccines / genetics
                • Viral Vaccines / pharmacology

                Grant Funding

                • R01 AI025850 / NIAID NIH HHS
                • R01 AI25850 / NIAID NIH HHS

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                Citations

                This article has been cited 15 times.
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