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Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023; 12(7); doi: 10.3390/pathogens12070942

Diversity of the Bacterial and Viral Communities in the Tropical Horse Tick, Dermacentor nitens, in Colombia.

Abstract: Ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit pathogens among various vertebrates, including humans. The microbial and viral communities of ticks, including pathogenic microorganisms, are known to be highly diverse. However, the factors driving this diversity are not well understood. The tropical horse tick, Dermacentor nitens, is distributed throughout the Americas and it is recognized as a natural vector of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, the causal agents of equine piroplasmosis. In this study, we characterized the bacterial and viral communities associated with partially fed Dermacentor nitens females collected using a passive survey on horses from field sites representing three distinct geographical areas in the country of Colombia (Bolivar, Antioquia, and Cordoba). RNA-seq and sequencing of the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were performed using the Illumina-Miseq platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). A total of 356 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, in which the presumed endosymbiont, Francisellaceae/Francisella spp., was predominantly found. Nine contigs corresponding to six different viruses were identified in three viral families: Chuviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Flaviviridae. Differences in the relative abundance of the microbial composition among the geographical regions were found to be independent of the presence of Francisella-like endosymbiont (FLE). The most prevalent bacteria found in each region were Corynebacterium in Bolivar, Staphylococcus in Antioquia, and Pseudomonas in Cordoba. Rickettsia-like endosymbionts, mainly recognized as the etiological agent of rickettsioses in Colombia, were detected in the Cordoba samples. Metatranscriptomics revealed 13 contigs containing FLE genes, suggesting a trend of regional differences. These findings suggest regional distinctions among the ticks and their bacterial compositions.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-16 PubMed ID: 37513789PubMed Central: PMC10384233DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070942Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Background

  • Ticks & Their Nature: Ticks are parasites that feed on blood (hematophagous ectoparasites). They carry and spread various pathogens among different animals, including humans.
  • Microbial and Viral Communities in Ticks: Ticks have a wide variety of microorganisms and viruses living inside them. Some of these can cause diseases.
  • Unclear Drivers of Diversity: While we know that ticks have a diverse range of microorganisms, the reasons for such diversity are not fully understood.
  • Focus on a Specific Tick: This study focused on a particular kind of tick, the tropical horse tick (Dermacentor nitens). This tick is found in the Americas and is known for transmitting diseases in horses caused by pathogens like Babesia caballi and Theileria equi.

Objective of the Study

The researchers wanted to identify the range of bacteria and viruses in the Dermacentor nitens ticks. They collected these ticks from horses in three different areas of Colombia.

Methodology

  • They collected ticks that had already partially fed on horses.
  • They used advanced sequencing techniques (RNA-seq and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene’s V3 and V4 regions) to identify the microorganisms present in these ticks.

Findings

  • They identified 356 different types of microorganisms (operational taxonomic units or OTUs) in the ticks.
  • A predominant microorganism found was an endosymbiont named Francisellaceae/Francisella spp.
  • They also found contigs (sequences of DNA) corresponding to six different viruses from three viral families.
  • The type and amount of microorganisms varied based on the geographical area from which the ticks were collected. For instance, different bacteria were more common in each of the three regions.
  • They also found Rickettsia-like endosymbionts in samples from Cordoba. These endosymbionts are known to cause diseases (rickettsioses) in Colombia.
  • Their advanced analysis (metatranscriptomics) indicated that there were regional differences in the presence of the Francisella-like endosymbiont genes.

Conclusion

The ticks from different regions in Colombia have distinct bacterial compositions. This suggests that the environment or other regional factors might influence the type of microorganisms ticks carry.

Cite This Article

APA
Holguin-Rocha AF, Calle-Tobon A, Vásquez GM, Astete H, Fisher ML, Tobon-Castano A, Velez-Tobon G, Maldonado-Ruiz LP, Silver K, Park Y, Londono-Renteria B. (2023). Diversity of the Bacterial and Viral Communities in the Tropical Horse Tick, Dermacentor nitens, in Colombia. Pathogens, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070942

Publication

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2076-0817
NlmUniqueID: 101596317
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Holguin-Rocha, Andres F
  • Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Calle-Tobon, Arley
  • Grupo Entomologia Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia.
Vásquez, Gissella M
  • U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Lima 15001, Peru.
Astete, Helvio
  • U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Lima 15001, Peru.
Fisher, Michael L
  • U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6), Bellavista, Lima 15001, Peru.
Tobon-Castano, Alberto
  • Grupo Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia.
Velez-Tobon, Gabriel
  • Grupo Malaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia.
Maldonado-Ruiz, L Paulina
  • Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Silver, Kristopher
  • Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Park, Yoonseong
  • Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Londono-Renteria, Berlin
  • School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

Grant Funding

  • R21 AI163423 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • AI163423 / NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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