Donkey and Mule Welfare.
Abstract: Donkeys and mules have been critical to the development of human civilization, since being domesticated some 6000 years ago. However, they suffer from being undervalued or ignored by development agencies and animal protection nongovernmental organizations. Where they are recognized as affecting agriculture and the economy it is often because they are seen as being either invasive pests or an anachronism in the developing countries of the twenty-first century. Even in the wealthier societies of the world, donkeys suffer from ignorance about their proper management or a booming industry in health care products based on donkey skin gelatin and milk byproducts.
Crown Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-11-02 PubMed ID: 31672200DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article explores the issues faced by donkeys and mules around the world, including neglect, misunderstanding, improper management, and exploitation for healthcare products. The researchers highlight the need for better recognition and value to their contribution to human civilization.
Understanding the Issues Faced by Donkeys and Mules
- The article begins by asserting the importance of donkeys and mules in human civilization. Initially domesticated around 6000 years ago, these animals played a crucial role in human development. Despite this, they are often undervalued or neglected, creating significant welfare problems.
- The researchers argue that both donkeys and mules are overlooked by development agencies and animal protection non-governmental organizations (NGOs). They suggest that this lack of interest or awareness leads to poor management strategies for these animals, which, in turn, negatively affects their wellbeing.
Misperceptions and Misunderstandings
- The study highlights common misperceptions about donkeys and mules. In many developing economies, these organisms are viewed as invasive pests or as obsolete—anachronism—for the modern age. Such negative perceptions further marginalize these animals, exacerbating welfare issues.
- Even in wealthier societies, misunderstandings about the proper care and management of donkeys and mules persist. As a result, these creatures experience neglect and mistreatment, which can lead to health problems and diminished quality of life.
Exploitation of Donkeys and Mules
- The article also addresses the growing industry that’s centered on products made from donkey skin gelatin and milk byproducts. This industry creates significant demand for these animals, thereby encouraging their exploitation.
- The researchers argue that such industries not only compromise the welfare of donkeys and mules but also overlook the immense historical and cultural value these animals possess.
- Through this study, the researchers advocate for a shift in perspectives about donkeys and mules. They urge society to acknowledge the animals’ significant contributions to human civilization and to improve their welfare accordingly.
Cite This Article
APA
Davis E.
(2019).
Donkey and Mule Welfare.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract, 35(3), 481-491.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.005 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Veterinary Medicine & Epidemiology, UC Davis-International Animal Welfare Training Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, 2108 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address: ewdavis@ucdavis.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animal Husbandry / methods
- Animal Husbandry / standards
- Animal Welfare
- Animals
- Equidae
- Horses
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Li XM, Geng HL, Wei YJ, Yan WL, Liu J, Wei XY, Zhang M, Wang XY, Zhang XX, Liu G. Global prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in Equus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;12:1072385.
- Maśko M, Wierzbicka M, Zdrojkowski Ł, Jasiński T, Sikorska U, Pawliński B, Domino M. Comparison of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Dorsal Profiles and Head Shapes Using Geometric Morphometrics.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Apr 5;12(7).
- Deng L, Shi S, Li J, Tang C, Han Y, Xie P. A Survey of Smallholder Farms Regarding Demographics, Health Care, and Management Factors of Donkeys in Northeastern China.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:626622.
- Perrucci S, Guardone L, Altomonte I, Salari F, Nardoni S, Martini M, Mancianti F. Apicomplexan Protozoa Responsible for Reproductive Disorders: Occurrence of DNA in Blood and Milk of Donkeys (Equus asinus) and Minireview of the Related Literature.. Pathogens 2021 Jan 22;10(2).
- Lima TS, Silva RAF, Pereira RMF, Soares KL, Santos NTA, Sousa MS, Mendonça FS, Lucena RB. Skin Diseases in Donkeys and Mules-An Update.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 31;11(1).
- Merkies K, Paraschou G, McGreevy PD. Morphometric Characteristics of the Skull in Horses and Donkeys-A Pilot Study.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jun 8;10(6).
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