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Home / Equine Research Bank / Drug Test Anal / Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodol...
Drug testing and analysis2021; 13(3); 474-504; doi: 10.1002/dta.2999

Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019.

Abstract: Despite the impressive innate physical abilities of horses, camels, greyhounds, or pigeons, doping agents might be administered to these animals to improve their performance. To control these illegal practices, anti-doping analytical methodologies have been developed. This review compiles the analytical methods that have been published for the detection of prohibited substances administered to animals involved in sports over 30 years. Relevant papers meeting the search criteria that discussed analytical methods aiming to detect and/or quantify doping substances in animal biological matrices published from 1990 to 2019 were considered. A total of 317 studies were included, of which 298 were related to horses, demonstrating significant advances toward the development of doping detection methods for equine sports. However, analytical methods for the detection of doping agents in sports involving other species are lacking. Due to enhanced accuracy and specificity, chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry detection is preferred over immunoassays. Regarding biological matrices, blood and urine remain the first choice, although alternative biological matrices, such as hair and feces, have been considered. With the increasing number and type of drugs used as doping agents, the analytes addressed in the published papers are diverse. It is very important to continue to detect and quantify these drugs, recognizing those that are most frequently used, in order to punish the abusers, protect animals' health, and ensure a healthier and genuine competition.
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2021-02-01 PubMed ID: 33440053DOI: 10.1002/dta.2999Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper reviews the development and use of analytical methods for detecting the use of performance-enhancing drugs in animals used in sports over a period of 30 years from 1990 to 2019.

Overview of the Study

  • The research focused on understanding and discussing the various analytical methods that have been developed to detect and/or quantify the use of doping substances in animals like horses, camels, greyhounds, and pigeons which participate in sports.
  • Over a span of 30 years, the study considered relevant papers that meet certain search criteria, resulting in a total of 317 studies being included in this review.

Focus on Equine Sports

  • Of the studies included in the review, a significant proportion (298) pertained to horses, highlighting extensive research efforts made towards developing detection methods for doping in equine sports.
  • Nevertheless, the study indicates a gap in research related to the development of analytical detection methods for doping in sports involving other animal species.

Preferred Analytical Methodologies

  • Due to their accuracy and specificity, chromatographic analysis methods coupled to mass spectrometry detection are preferred over immunoassays for doping detection.
  • While blood and urine remain the primary biological matrices for testing, alternative matrices such as hair and feces are increasingly being explored and utilized.

Conclusion and Future Recommendations

  • Given the increasing number and type of drugs used as doping agents, research in this area has addressed a wide diversity of analytes.
  • The review emphasizes the continuing importance of detecting and quantifying these drugs, particularly those most frequently used, to penalize wrongdoers, protect the health of animals, and uphold the integrity of competition.

Cite This Article

APA
Moreira F, Carmo H, Guedes de Pinho P, Bastos ML. (2021). Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019. Drug Test Anal, 13(3), 474-504. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2999

Publication

Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
NlmUniqueID: 101483449
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: 474-504

Researcher Affiliations

Moreira, Fernando
  • UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • Área Técnico-Científica de Farmácia, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Carmo, Helena
  • UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Guedes de Pinho, Paula
  • UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
  • UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Body Fluids / chemistry
  • Doping in Sports / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Performance-Enhancing Substances / analysis
  • Substance Abuse Detection / methods

Grant Funding

  • UIDB/04378/2020 / Fundau00e7u00e3o para a Ciu00eancia e a Tecnologia

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Cloteau C, Dervilly G, Loup B, Delcourt V, Kaabia Z, Bagilet F, Groseille G, Dauriac K, Fisher S, Popot MA, Garcia P, Le Bizec B, Bailly-Chouriberry L. Performance assessment of an equine metabolomics model for screening a range of anabolic agents. Metabolomics 2023 Apr 7;19(4):38.
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  2. Marlier D. Doping in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field. Vet Sci 2022 Jan 22;9(2).
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  3. Klöppner L, Harps LC, Parr MK. Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics. Molecules 2024 Jan 9;29(2).
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