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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / Doppler and volumetric echocardiographic methods for cardiac...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2013; 27(2); 324-330; doi: 10.1111/jvim.12034

Doppler and volumetric echocardiographic methods for cardiac output measurement in standing adult horses.

Abstract: Cardiac output (CO) is not routinely measured in critically ill adult horses because of invasiveness of currently validated methods. Noninvasive CO monitoring would complement clinical assessment of hemodynamic status in adult horses. Objective: Volumetric methods for measuring CO will have better agreement with lithium dilution than Doppler-based methods. Methods: Eight healthy adult horses. Methods: Prospective study. CO was manipulated with continuous rate infusions of dobutamine and romifidine to achieve high and low CO states, respectively. At each level, CO was measured by lithium dilution and various echocardiographic methods. Images stored as video loops were reviewed by an individual blinded to the lithium dilution results. Results: Lithium dilution determinations of CO ranged between 16.6 and 63.0 L/min. There was a significant effect of method of CO measurement (P < .001), but no significant effect of CO level (P = .089) or interaction between level and method (P = .607) on the absolute value of the bias. The absolute values of the bias of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Doppler, Simpson, 4-chamber area-length, and bullet methods [5.5, 6.1, 6.5, 8.8 L/min, respectively] were significantly lower than that of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) Doppler or cubic methods [14.8, 24.3 L/min, respectively]. Conclusions: The 4-chamber area-length, Simpson, bullet, and RVOT Doppler provided better agreement with lithium dilution than the other methods evaluated. These methods warrant further investigation for use in critically ill adult horses.
Copyright © 2013 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2013-01-16 PubMed ID: 23323806DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12034Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explores noninvasive methods of measuring cardiac output (CO) in adult horses, with the aim to find better alternatives to invasive techniques currently in use. It particularly investigates the effectiveness of acoustical (Doppler) and volumetric methods in measuring CO, comparing them with lithium dilution, a conventional method.

Objective and Approach

  • The main objective of the study is to determine whether volumetric methods for measuring CO can yield results in closer agreement with the lithium dilution method, in comparison to Doppler-based methods.
  • The study was conducted on eight healthy adult horses and comprised a prospective study design.
  • CO was manipulated in the horses by using a continuous rate of infusions of dobutamine and romifidine, aiming for high and low CO states, respectively.
  • After achieving each CO level, CO was measured using lithium dilution and various echocardiographic methods.
  • An individual blinded to the lithium dilution results reviewed the images stored as video loops.

Findings

  • The lithium dilution estimates of CO ranged between 16.6 and 63.0 L/min.
  • The method used for measuring CO significantly impacted the results, but the level of CO did not have a significant effect on the absolute value of the bias. The interaction between the level and method was also not statistically significant.
  • The absolute values of the bias for the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) Doppler, Simpson, 4-chamber area-length, and bullet methods were lower than those of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) Doppler or cubic methods.

Conclusions

  • The CO measurements from the 4-chamber area-length, Simpson, bullet, and RVOT Doppler methods agreed better with the lithium dilution results than other methods evaluated in the study.
  • The findings of this study suggest that these methods could be further investigated for potential application in critically ill adults horses, given that they seem to provide better alternatives to current invasive practices.

Cite This Article

APA
McConachie E, Barton MH, Rapoport G, Giguère S. (2013). Doppler and volumetric echocardiographic methods for cardiac output measurement in standing adult horses. J Vet Intern Med, 27(2), 324-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12034

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 27
Issue: 2
Pages: 324-330

Researcher Affiliations

McConachie, E
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. elmcc@uga.edu
Barton, M H
    Rapoport, G
      Giguère, S

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Cardiac Output / physiology
        • Echocardiography / veterinary
        • Female
        • Horses / physiology
        • Indicator Dilution Techniques
        • Male
        • Monitoring, Physiologic / methods
        • Monitoring, Physiologic / veterinary
        • Prospective Studies

        Citations

        This article has been cited 10 times.
        1. Marzok M, Almubarak AI, Al Mohamad Z, Salem M, Farag AM, Ibrahim HM, El-Ashker MR, El-Khodery S. Reference Values and Repeatability of Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography Parameters in Normal Donkeys.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Sep 5;12(17).
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        3. Troya-Portillo L, López-Sanromán J, Villalba-Orero M, Santiago-Llorente I. Cardiorespiratory, Sedative and Antinociceptive Effects of a Medetomidine Constant Rate Infusion with Morphine, Ketamine or Both.. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jul 13;11(7).
          doi: 10.3390/ani11072081pubmed: 34359209google scholar: lookup
        4. Masoudifard M, Esmailinejad MR, Sakhaee E, Azari O, Vafaei R, Ghalekhani N. Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment after sedation by intravenous injection of medetomidine and xylazine hydrochloride on cardiac output and systolic time intervals in one-humped camel calves (Camelus dromedarious).. Iran J Vet Res 2020 Fall;21(4):257-262.
          pubmed: 33584837
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          doi: 10.1111/jvim.15968pubmed: 33247461google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1111/jvim.15938pubmed: 33098342google scholar: lookup
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          doi: 10.1111/jvim.15213pubmed: 29770976google scholar: lookup
        8. Kieffer PJ, Williams JM, Shepard MK, Giguère S, Epstein KL. Comparison of the oral and rectal mucosal and colonic serosal microcirculations of healthy, anesthetized horses.. Can J Vet Res 2018 Jan;82(1):55-59.
          pubmed: 29382969
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        10. McConachie E, Giguère S, Barton MH. Scoring System for Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Adult Horses with Acute Surgical Gastrointestinal Disease.. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jul;30(4):1276-83.
          doi: 10.1111/jvim.14321pubmed: 27296454google scholar: lookup
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