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Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2011; 9; 134; doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-134

Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and beta-zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects. Methods: Stallion spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to zearalenone, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol or 17beta-estradiol at concentrations ranging from 1 pM - 0.1 mM. After 2 hours exposure, motility parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis, and acrosome integrity was examined by flow cytometry after staining with fluoroscein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. Results: Mycotoxins affected sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) after 2 hours exposure. In this respect, all of the compounds reduced the average path velocity, but only alpha-zearalenol reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm. Induction of motility patterns consistent with hyperactivation was stimulated according to the following rank of potency: alpha-zearalenol > 17beta-estradiol > zearalenone = beta-zearalenol. The hyperactivity-associated changes observed included reductions in straight-line velocity and linearity of movement, and an increase in the amplitude of lateral head displacement, while curvilinear velocity was unchanged. In addition, whereas alpha- and beta- zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol had no apparent effect on acrosome status. In short, alpha-zearalenol inhibited normal sperm motility, but stimulated hyperactive motility in the remaining motile cells and simultaneously induced the acrosome reaction. Beta-zearalenol induced the acrosome reaction without altering motility. Conversely, zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol did not induce the acrosome reaction but induced hyperactive motility albeit to a different extent. Conclusions: Apparently, the mycotoxin zearalenone has 17beta-estradiol-like estrogenic activity that enables it to induce hyperactivated motility of equine sperm cells, whereas the zearalenol derivatives induce premature completion of the acrosome reaction and thereby adversely affect stallion sperm physiology. The alpha form of zearalenol still possessed the estrogenic ability to induce hyperactivated motility, whereas its beta stereo-isomere had lost this property.
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Publication Date: 2011-10-05 PubMed ID: 21970729PubMed Central: PMC3213023DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-134Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study focuses on the potential effects of certain mycotoxins (zearalenone and its variants) on the motility and biological reactions of stallion sperm, by comparing them with the known impacts of 17beta-estradiol.

Objective of Study

The primary goal of this research was to assess the impacts of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its alpha and beta derivatives on various characteristics of stallion sperm, such as its movement patterns and acrosome reactions. The toxic influence of these mycotoxins is believed to be a consequence of their structural similarities with 17beta-estradiol, a form of estrogen.

Methodology

  • The sperm samples of stallions were subjected to zearalenone, alpha-zearalenol, beta-zearalenol, and 17beta-estradiol in a concentration range of 1 pM – 0.1 mM.
  • Post the exposure of two hours, the motility parameters of the sperm were assessed with computer-assisted analysis. The integrity of the acrosome observed through flow cytometry post staining with a fluorescein-conjugated variant of peanut agglutinin.

Results

  • The mycotoxins showed effects on sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) post two hours of exposure.
  • While all compounds decreased the average path velocity, only alpha-zearalenol resulted in reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm.
  • In terms of stimulating hyperactive movement patterns in sperm, the order of effectiveness is: alpha-zearalenol > 17beta-estradiol > zearalenone = beta-zearalenol.
  • This hyperactivity resulted in deteriorated velocity and movement linearity, amplified lateral head displacement, but consistent curvilinear velocity.
  • Both alpha- and beta-zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, while zearalenone and 17beta-estradiol had no visible impact on acrosome status.

Conclusions

  • The findings suggest that the mycotoxin zearalenone exhibits estrogenic activity similar to 17beta-estradiol, which allows it to stimulate hyper-activated sperm motility.
  • The premature completion of the acrosome reaction, potentially damaging sperm physiology, is induced by the zearalenol derivatives.
  • In contrast with its beta stereo-isomer, the alpha form of zearalenol maintained its estrogenic capacity to induce hyperactive movement in the sperm.

Cite This Article

APA
Filannino A, Stout TA, Gadella BM, Sostaric E, Pizzi F, Colenbrander B, Dell'Aquila ME, Minervini F. (2011). Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and beta-zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 9, 134. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-9-134

Publication

Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
ISSN: 1477-7827
NlmUniqueID: 101153627
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 134

Researcher Affiliations

Filannino, Angela
  • Department of Animal Production, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy. angela.filannino@gmail.com
Stout, Tom A E
    Gadella, Bart M
      Sostaric, Edita
        Pizzi, Flavia
          Colenbrander, Ben
            Dell'Aquila, Maria Elena
              Minervini, Fiorenza

                MeSH Terms

                • Acrosome / drug effects
                • Acrosome / metabolism
                • Acrosome Reaction / drug effects
                • Animal Feed / microbiology
                • Animals
                • Cell Survival / drug effects
                • Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / toxicity
                • Flow Cytometry / veterinary
                • Fluoresceins / metabolism
                • Food Contamination
                • Fusarium / metabolism
                • Horses / physiology
                • Male
                • Molecular Probes / metabolism
                • Osmolar Concentration
                • Peanut Agglutinin / metabolism
                • Reproducibility of Results
                • Sperm Head / drug effects
                • Sperm Head / metabolism
                • Sperm Motility / drug effects
                • Spermatozoa / drug effects
                • Stereoisomerism
                • Zearalenone / toxicity
                • Zeranol / analogs & derivatives
                • Zeranol / chemistry
                • Zeranol / toxicity

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