Drug disposition and dosage determination of once daily administration of gentamicin sulfate in horses after abdominal surgery.
Abstract: To evaluate pharmacokinetics of once daily i.v. administration of gentamicin sulfate to adult horses that had abdominal surgery. Methods: Prospective study. Methods: 28 adult horses that underwent abdominal surgery for colic. Methods: 14 horses were treated with each dosage of gentamicin (i.e., 6.6 or 4 mg/kg, i.v., q 24 h) and blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Pharmacokinetic analysis measured the elimination half-life, volume of distribution, and gentamicin total systemic clearance. Treatment outcome, CBC, and serum creatinine concentrations were recorded. Results: 1 horse in the high-dosage group died. All other horses successfully recovered, and did not develop bacterial infection or have evidence of drug toxicosis resulting in renal injury. Mean pharmacokinetic variables for gentamicin administration at a high or low dosage (i.e., 6.6 or 4 mg/kg, i.v., q 24 h) were half-life of 1.47 and 1.61 hours, volume of distribution of 0.17 and 0.17 L/kg, and systemic clearance of 1.27 and 1.2 ml/kg/min, respectively. Mean serum creatinine concentration was 1.74 and 1.71 for the high and low dosages, respectively, and serum creatinine concentration was not correlated with gentamicin clearance. Conclusions: Gentamicin administration at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, i.v., every 24 hours, will result in plasma concentrations that are adequate against susceptible bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml. Gentamicin administration at a calculated dosage of 6.8 mg/kg, i.v., every 24 hours will result in optimum plasma concentrations against susceptible bacteria with a MIC of < or = 4.0 micrograms/ml.
Publication Date: 1999-08-26 PubMed ID: 10461634
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article investigates the pharmacokinetics of administering gentamicin sulfate in horses following abdominal surgery. It studies two dosages and how they affect the horses’ recovery and possible side effects, such as renal injury, bacterial infection, and drug toxicity.
Study Methodology
- The study was prospective, meaning it was designed to follow and observe the events over a given period.
- 28 adult horses, which had abdominal surgery for colic, were included in the research.
- The horses were divided into two groups; each group underwent treatment with different dosages of gentamicin.
- Blood samples were collected from the horses for pharmacokinetic analysis, which is the study of how the body affects a specific drug after administration.
- The gentamicin’s concentration in plasma, its elimination half-life, distribution volume, and total systemic clearance were all examined.
Results
- One horse from the high-dosage group died, but all the other horses recovered without developing a bacterial infection or signs of renal injury due to drug toxicity.
- The half-life, volume distribution, and systemic clearance of gentamicin showed similar average values for both the high and low dosage.
- The creatinine concentration in the horses’ serum, a potential indicator of renal malfunction, did not differ significantly between the high and low dosages and was not correlated with the clearance of gentamicin.
Conclusions
- The results suggest that gentamicin administration at a dosage of 4 mg/kg (intravenously, once daily) will achieve adequate plasma concentrations against bacteria susceptible to the drug with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2.0 micrograms/ml or less.
- Optimum plasma concentrations against susceptible bacteria with an MIC of 4.0 micrograms/ml or less are achieved by administering gentamicin at a calculated dosage of 6.8 mg/kg (intravenously, every 24 hours).
Cite This Article
APA
Tudor RA, Papich MG, Redding WR.
(1999).
Drug disposition and dosage determination of once daily administration of gentamicin sulfate in horses after abdominal surgery.
J Am Vet Med Assoc, 215(4), 503-506.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Abdomen / surgery
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis / veterinary
- Area Under Curve
- Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
- Clonixin / therapeutic use
- Colic / surgery
- Colic / veterinary
- Creatinine / blood
- Female
- Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay / veterinary
- Gentamicins / administration & dosage
- Gentamicins / blood
- Gentamicins / pharmacokinetics
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / surgery
- Horses / metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Male
- Penicillins / therapeutic use
- Prospective Studies
- Regression Analysis
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Gestrich A, Bedenice D, Ceresia M, Zaghloul I. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous gentamicin in healthy young-adult compared to aged alpacas. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018 Aug;41(4):581-587.
- Durham AE. An evaluation of serum gentamicin concentrations and bacterial susceptibility to gentamicin in equine practice. J Vet Intern Med 2018 May;32(3):1194-1201.
- Bauquier JR, Boston RC, Sweeney RW, Wilkins PA, Nolen-Walston RD. Plasma Peak and Trough Gentamicin Concentrations in Hospitalized Horses Receiving Intravenously Administered Gentamicin. J Vet Intern Med 2015 Nov-Dec;29(6):1660-6.
- van der Harst MR, Bull S, Laffont CM, Klein WR. Influence of fluid therapy on gentamicin pharmacokinetics in colic horses. Vet Res Commun 2005 Feb;29(2):141-7.
Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
