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Drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria from animals in Ontario.
Abstract: Prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance among over 3000 clinical isolates of animal pathogens in Ontario during 1971-72 has been studied. A high number of multiple resistance patterns is prevalent among members of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The most common resistance pattern among bovine strains was against not less than six drugs in common use. Among different animal species the bovine population was found to be the source of a high percentage of chloramphenicol resistant E. coli and S. typhimurium organisms. All the isolates resistant to this drug were in addition resistant to three or more other antibiotics of established therapeutic value. All the multiple resistant isolates of S. typhimurium tested had R factors and they transferred most of the resistance determinants including that for chloramphenicol to a recipient E. coli in vitro.Penicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus of bovine mammary origin did not appear to be high. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns of staphylococci, streptococci and Corynebacterium sp indicate effective in vitro activity with many antimicrobial agents.
Publication Date: 1974-07-01 PubMed ID: 4277443PubMed Central: PMC1319858 The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This research paper studies the prevalence of drug resistance among bacteria from animals in Ontario, emphasizing that the bovine population is a primary source of certain resistant strains, and revealing potential patterns in their resistance.
Introduction
The article discusses a study conducted in Ontario during 1971-72, focused on the level of antimicrobial drug resistance in over 3000 clinical isolates of animal pathogens. This research was undertaken to gain insights regarding the level of multiple drug resistance patterns prevalent among particular bacteria, specifically within the Enterobacteriaceae family, including strains like Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Resistance Patterns
- The study found that the most common resistance pattern among bovine strains of bacteria was resistance to at least six commonly used drugs.
- The strains also showed resistance to other antibiotics of established therapeutic value.
- Among the various species of animals investigated, the bovine population stood out as a significant source of chloramphenicol-resistant E. coli and S. typhimurium bacteria.
R Factors in Salmonella
- All of the multiply resistant strains of S. typhimurium tested were found to have R factors. An R factor is a plasmid (a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule) that imbues multi-drug resistance in bacteria.
- These R factors played a crucial role in the transfer of most of the resistance determinants, including resistance to chloramphenicol, to a recipient E. coli strain during in vitro testing.
Penicillin Resistance
An interesting finding was that unlike many other species and strains, penicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus of bovine mammary origin did not exhibit high levels. This suggests that the bacterial strains originating from this particular animal source may remain susceptible to penicillin-based therapies.
Antimicrobial Drug Susceptibility
Despite the general prevalence of resistance, some degree of susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was still observed among bacterial species such as staphylococci, streptococci, and Corynebacterium sp. Various antimicrobial agents demonstrated effective in vitro activity against these species, indicating potential avenues to combat their proliferation. However, whether these in vitro results are replicated in vivo needs further study.
Cite This Article
APA
Hariharan H, Barnum DA, Mitchell WR.
(1974).
Drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria from animals in Ontario.
Can J Comp Med, 38(3), 213-221.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Ampicillin / pharmacology
- Animals
- Bacteria / drug effects
- Cats
- Cattle
- Chloramphenicol / pharmacology
- Corynebacterium / drug effects
- Dogs
- Erythromycin / pharmacology
- Escherichia coli / drug effects
- Horses
- Kanamycin / pharmacology
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Neomycin / pharmacology
- Ontario
- Penicillin Resistance
- Poultry
- Salmonella / drug effects
- Salmonella typhimurium / drug effects
- Sheep
- Staphylococcus / drug effects
- Streptococcus / drug effects
- Streptomycin / pharmacology
- Swine
- Tetracycline / pharmacology
References
This article includes 10 references
- Can J Comp Med. 1969 Jan;33(1):39-43
- N Engl J Med. 1970 Mar 19;282(12):693-4
- Am J Clin Pathol. 1966 Apr;45(4):493-6
- Can Vet J. 1967 Jul;8(7):152-7
- Br Vet J. 1972 Apr;128(4):189-98
- Arch Environ Health. 1971 May;22(5):561-7
- Can Vet J. 1965 May;6(5):103-11
- Lancet. 1971 Jul 3;2(7714):8-10
- J S Afr Vet Assoc. 1972 Mar;43(1):71-5
- Can J Comp Med Vet Sci. 1967 Jun;31(6):156-9
Citations
This article has been cited 7 times.- Kabir A, Lamichhane B, Habib T, Adams A, El-Sheikh Ali H, Slovis NM, Troedsson MHT, Helmy YA. Antimicrobial Resistance in Equines: A Growing Threat to Horse Health and Beyond-A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024 Jul 29;13(8).
- de Lagarde M, Fairbrother JM, Arsenault J. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant and ESBL/AmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Horses in Quebec, Canada, in 2015-2016. Animals (Basel) 2020 Mar 20;10(3).
- Feßler AT, Schwarz S. Antimicrobial Resistance in Corynebacterium spp., Arcanobacterium spp., and Trueperella pyogenes. Microbiol Spectr 2017 Dec;5(6).
- Hariharan H, Bryenton JW, Onge JS, Long JR, Ojo MO. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs and calves with diarrhea. Can Vet J 1989 Apr;30(4):348-9.
- Terakado N, Sekizaki T, Hashimoto K, Yamagata S, Yamamoto T. Chloramphenicol transposons found in Salmonella naestved and Escherichia coli of domestic animal origin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1981 Sep;20(3):382-6.
- Acres SD, Saunders JR, Radostits OM. Acute undifferentiated neonatal diarrhea of beef calves: the prevalence of enterotoxigenic E. coli, reo-like (rota) virus and other enteropathogens in cow-calf herds. Can Vet J 1977 May;18(5):113-21.
- McGarr C, Mitchell WR, Carlson HC, Fish NA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from the broiler chicken industry in Ontario. Can J Comp Med 1977 Jan;41(1):107-11.
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