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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Q / Duration of immunity induced by an adjuvanted and inactivate...
The veterinary quarterly2002; 23(4); 210-217; doi: 10.1080/01652176.2001.9695116

Duration of immunity induced by an adjuvanted and inactivated equine influenza, tetanus and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 combination vaccine.

Abstract: An adjuvanted vaccine containing inactivated equine influenza, herpesvirus antigens, and tetanus toxoid was administered to young seronegative foals of 8 months of age by deep intramuscular injection in the neck (Group A). The first two vaccinations were given 4 weeks apart. The third was administered 6 months later. Another group of foals (Group B) was vaccinated according to the same scheme at the same time with monovalent equine herpes virus (EHV) vaccine (EHV1.4) vaccine. Antibody responses to the equine influenza (single radial haemolysis; SRH) and tetanus (ToBi ELISA) components of the vaccines were examined from first vaccination until 1 year after the third vaccination. The influenza components of the combination vaccine induced high antibody titres at two weeks after the second vaccination whereafter titres declined until the time of the third vaccination. After the third vaccination, the titres rose rapidly again to remain high for at least 1 year. Antibody titres against tetanus peaked only after the third vaccination but remained high enough to offer protective immunity for at least 1 year. Foals vaccinated with monovalent EHV1.4 remained seronegative for influenza and tetanus throughout the study. Four and a half months after the third vaccination of groups A and B, a third group of animals was vaccinated twice with monovalent EHV1.4 vaccine 4 weeks apart (Group C). Two weeks after the administration of the second dose in the later group, all groups (A, B, C and an unvaccinated control group D) were challenged with EHV-4. Vaccinated foals (Group A, B, C) showed a clear reduction of clinical symptoms and virus excretion after EHV-4 challenge compared with the unvaccinated control foals. No difference could be demonstrated among the vaccinated groups, suggesting that the combination vaccine protects as well as the monovalent vaccine. In EHV1.4-vaccinated foals both antigenic fractions induced clear protection up to 6 months after vaccination (9). It can therefore be anticipated that the efficacy of the combination vaccine against EHV-1 challenge is similar to the efficacy against EHV-1 induced by EHV1.4 vaccination.
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Publication Date: 2002-01-05 PubMed ID: 11765243DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2001.9695116Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Clinical Trial
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the effectiveness and longevity of immunity provided by a combined vaccine for equine influenza, tetanus and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 in young foals. It revealed high-level, long-term immunity against the diseases, demonstrating similar efficacy to monovalent vaccines.

Study Design and Groups

  • The research involved the administration of a combined vaccine to two groups of foals. The vaccine included inactivated equine influenza, herpesvirus antigens, and tetanus toxoid. Group A received this combined vaccine.
  • The first two doses of the vaccine were given four weeks apart and the third was given six months later.
  • Another set of foals, Group B, were given a monovalent equine herpesvirus (EHV) vaccine, EHV1.4, on the same schedule.
  • Four and a half months after the third vaccination of Groups A and B, a third group, Group C, was injected twice with the monovalent EHV1.4 vaccine, four weeks apart.
  • There was also an unvaccinated control group, Group D.

Vaccine Effects on Antibodies

  • The researchers examined the antibody responses from the foals’ first vaccination until one year after their third vaccination.
  • High antibody titers, which indicate strong immunity, were observed two weeks after the second vaccination with the combined vaccine.
  • These titers decreased until the third vaccination, after which they rapidly increased again and remained high for at least a year.
  • Antibody titers against tetanus peaked after the third vaccination but remained high enough to offer protective immunity for at least a year.
  • Foals vaccinated with the monovalent EHV1.4 vaccine (Group B) remained without antibodies for influenza and tetanus throughout the study.

Comparison of Vaccines

  • Two weeks after the second dose of the monovalent EHV1.4 vaccine was administered to Group C, all groups (including the unvaccinated group D) were exposed to EHV-4.
  • The vaccinated foals (Groups A, B and C) showed a significant reduction in clinical symptoms and virus excretion compared with the unvaccinated foals.
  • There was no noticeable difference between the vaccinated groups, which suggests that the combined vaccine protects as well as the monovalent vaccine.

Conclusions

  • The combined vaccine induced clear protection up to six months after vaccination, similarly to the EHV1.4 vaccine. Based on these findings, the researchers conclude that the efficacy of the combination vaccine against EHV-1 challenge is likely similar to the efficacy induced by EHV1.4 vaccination.

Cite This Article

APA
Heldens JG, Kersten AJ, Weststrate MW, van den Hoven R. (2002). Duration of immunity induced by an adjuvanted and inactivated equine influenza, tetanus and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 combination vaccine. Vet Q, 23(4), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2001.9695116

Publication

The veterinary quarterly
ISSN: 0165-2176
NlmUniqueID: 7909485
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Pages: 210-217

Researcher Affiliations

Heldens, J G
  • Fort Dodge Animal Holland, Weesp, The Netherlands.
Kersten, A J
    Weststrate, M W
      van den Hoven, R

        MeSH Terms

        • Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage
        • Animals
        • Antibody Formation
        • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
        • Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
        • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
        • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / immunology
        • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
        • Horse Diseases / virology
        • Horses
        • Influenza A virus / immunology
        • Tetanus / immunology
        • Tetanus / prevention & control
        • Tetanus Toxoid / immunology
        • Time Factors
        • Vaccination / veterinary

        Citations

        This article has been cited 7 times.
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          doi: 10.3390/v16050746pubmed: 38793627google scholar: lookup
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